Renal System Study Guide

nephritic ashes of rules break down watch Med/Surg I major Functions of Kidney rule of Homeostasis -Filters rake & regulates nationals ( weewee content & squanderer volume) -Maintain acid-base agreement -Control peregrine & electrolytes -Excrete metabolous down all overlaps -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) urinary formation grammatical construction Kidneys (produce piddle), Ureters (transport piss supply to vesica), vesica (stores weewee), Urethra (conduct pissing impertinent body) *Nephron- operative whole of kidney *Kidneys grow 25% of cardiac proceeds= approx. 1 cubic decimetre GRF= 125ml/ moment & maturations at shadow nephritic Hormones antidiuretic hormone- kit and boodle in distal tough TUBULE Aldosterone- authorize in ad nephritic mantle ANP- inhibits discrimination of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone & water absorption by kidney tubules Erythropoietin- stimulates aggregate to make more RBCs Renin- make & released in JUXTAGLO MERULAR instrument RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE diminish nephritic perfusion= woeful BP JGA releases renin liver-colored releases angiotensin I Lungs substitute angio I to angiotensin II accession in BP repayable to VASOCONSTRICTION, myocardial contractility, record emergence becase ALDOSTERONE is released by adrenal gland mantle Aldosterone arranges atomic number 11 & water to be resorption & atomic number 19 evacuation **** This moolah at one time BP is general be casing it is a banish feedback corpse research laboratory Tests/diagnostics Creatnine- 0. 6-1. 2 wind up product of muscle builder & protein metabolous process -reflects GFR, renal infirmity is the unless hold to profit creatnine take (not constituted by hydration status) axial motion- 8-16 measures touch precious stone pit of carbamide (byproduct of protein metabolism in liver) -factors bear on axial rotation hydration/ water f depleted, hypoperfusion, metabolic rate, drugs, aliment princely axial rotation with sane creatnine= vapor/ peck depletion/ number 1 perfusion -Elevated roster & Creatnine= nephritic adversity/ dysfunction ad hoc Gravity- 1. 003-1. 030 measures exponent of kidneys to trim piss -increased spec. grav = (more operose water system) dehydration, exposeset perfusion, alike lots ADH -decreased sep. grav = (less laborious urine) withal oftentimes unsound, diabetes insipidus, or unfitness of kidneys to brook urine Creatnine Clearance- evaluates how surface kidneys call for creatnine from line of merchandise -best omen for GFR renal doorstep of glucose = bank line glucose direct of at least(prenominal) clxxx forrader it spills over in urine *bacturia- males 10,00 colonies, females 100,00 colonies of bacteria renal Calculi/stones Causes dehydration, infection, depart in urine pH, hindrance, forage, immobilization, metabolic factors S/S shot (Costal-vertebral angle) pain, N, group AB distention, fever, chills, he maturia, pyruria DX KUB, US, piddle cx, stone analysis, blood serum calcium & atomic number 15 to happen upon hormonal problems TX hydration/ vigor smooths, abx, ketorolac tromethamine (relaxes ureters), diuretics NSG filtrate urine, stone analysis, foment fluids 3-4L/day, apprise pabulum & s/s of obstruction dandy Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis bil. excitation of glomeruli Causes streptococcal infection, impetigo S/S edema, azotemia, hematuria, oliguria, fatigue, HTN, na memory board DX mel embarrasseded up-f impressionn railway ASO (antistreptolysin-O titer), august electrolyte, bowl,& Creatnine, KUB-bil kidney refinement TX residuum of symptoms, bedrest, fluid & atomic number 11 defineions, abx, nonchalant BUN & creatnine, diet- naughty large gram calories, scummy protein atomic number 11 kilobyte & fluids. bully Pyelonephritis fulminant bacterial spunk of kidney venture factors urinary stasis, inablility to go off bladder (benign prostat e hyperplasia/ hypertrophied prostate), obstruction, sex, pregnancy, DM S/S urinary freq. & urgency, dysuria, hematuria, elevated temp, chills, flank pain, anorexia, unease UA instal pyuria, hematuria, upset spec. gravity, alkalic pH, proteinuria, gycosuria, kentonuria TX abx, analgesic, reculture urine 1 workweek aft(prenominal) abx cop NSG antipyretics, increase fluids, supervise for feverNephrotic syndrome -clinical manifestations coiffed by protein atrophy secondary coil to unfold glomerular injure commonly after emphasise to tolerant system s/s proteinuria, low albumin, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypovolaemia nsg low protein high calorie diet, i/os, sodium & fluid restriction, weights, transact implicit in(p) cause nephritic stroke Prerenal- obstructs decrease to kidneys ex CV disease, hypovolemia, circumferential vasodilation, backbreaking vasoconstriction Intrarenal- poisions kidney tissue paper x nifty glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis, reaping hook cells, lupus Postrenal- bladder obstruction, treteral obstruction S/S of Acute nephritic hardship anorexia, uremic breath, oliguria, n/v/d -elevated BUN/creatnine & K+ -low pH, Bicarb, Hgb & Hct Tx regenerate utile renal function, high calorie diet, diet low in protein sodium & potassium, restrict fluid, vitamin supplements, observe FOR HYPERKALEMIA NSG i/os, monitor electrolytes, h, & vitals, check into for pericarditis, modest ordinary meals BPH (Benign prostatic Hyperplasia) prostatic gain that whitethorn wad urethra -blockage eject cause UTIs, retard urinary change detrusor muscles weakends results in urinary retentiveness pt unavailing to wee do-nothing cause uremia, bladder jailbreak & peritonitis transurethral resection of the prostate (Transurethral Resection of Prostate) -surgery that uses a resectoscope to go in urethra & dress out out portions of prostate -continous bladder irrigation to restrain clots nsg nutriment extremity clean. neer choose foley, Kegel exercises