Human Capital Management Essay

InterClean has merged with EnviroTech in order to evolve with the industry and providing not only cleaning products, but also solutions and services. This merger is an opportunity for InterClean to reposition itself and expand their understanding of the marketplace, customer’s needs, and to break through into new markets. The company’s goal is to provide a full spectrum of cleaning services and solutions that will become our major avenue for sales. In order to do that the focus needs to be on attracting, retaining and motivating the best talent, which can be done by establishing a superior training plan and offering competitive benefits and compensation packages. Pay System In order to control costs InterClean’s pay system should channel more dollars into incentive awards rather than fixed salaries. â€Å"Such variable-pay systems almost guarantee cost control† (Cascio, p. 417). The pay system for employees will be a pay-for-performance theme with bonus payouts. Not only will this pay plan keep costs lower than other pay plans, but it will also help to encourage healthy competition among employees and increase productivity. â€Å"Almost a third of American workers whose pay is not tied in some way to their performance believe they would be more productive if they had a greater interest in the companies that employ them through benefits such as profit sharing, according to a survey from temporary staffing and outsourcing firm Kelly Services. (Miller, p. 1)† Three Components of the Reward Package Compensation packages include both financial and nonfinancial rewards. The base pay with the bonus payouts would cover the financial rewards. â€Å"Nonfinancial rewards include everything in a work environment that enhances a worker’s sense of self-respect and esteem by others (e.g., work environments that are physically, socially, and mentally healthy; opportunities for training and personal development; effective supervision; recognition) (Cascio, p. 418).† The nonfinancial benefits that will be offered to motivate employees to reach peak performance are a wellness plan (including gym membership), on-site dependent care and flex time. A wellness plan plays an important role into keeping health care expenses down and decreasing the amount of sick leave taken. â€Å"Studies have found that employees that take care of themselves live longer and don’t become sick as easily as their un-fit co-workers. When a company has a healthy staff, they are more productive and their appearance presents a positive image to the consumers (Unknown, p. 1).† InterClean can encourage employees to use gym membership by allowing extra time during their lunch hour for employees to exercise and have enough time to shower, change and get back to the office. Dependent care on-site will decrease employee absences and increase productivity and morale. â€Å"Data from national random sample indicate that providing family benefits promotes a dedicated, loyal workforce among people who benefit directly from the policies, as well as those who do not (Cascio, p. 381).† When a company had loyal and dedicated employees they will have a lower turnover rate, which in the long run will save large amounts of money. â€Å"A study done by Cynthia Ransom and Sandra Burud at the Union Bank in Pasadena, California showed that the bank saved between $138,000 and $232,000 annually in operations due to a reduction in turnover and absenteeism from their on-site daycare program. (Murdock, p. 1)† Flex time References: 1. Unknown, 2010. Gym Memberships as Part of Your Wellness Program. http://www.businessknowledgesource.com/health/gym_memberships_as_part_of_your_wellness_program_028931.html 2. Murdock, K. Februrary 13, 2006. On-Site Childcare. http://www.allbusiness.com/specialty-businesses/women-owned-businesses/387737

Employment Agency Essay

Founding a particular organization requires a definite goal and utilities in order to achieve that objective. And since organizations need to have reliable staff and people who will function as the primary facilitator to execute the goals, then employing a group of credible individuals will benefit the organization. An agency can easily find the right people to fill different job positions of companies (Wikipedia, 2007). Apparently, one of the most common ways for an organization or office to recruit personnel for its different department operations is by coordinating with employment agencies. It really does not matter whether the agency is a non-profit, public or private type. As long as an employment outfit is able to render its services to an organization by sustaining its needs, then most probably a bureau will tend to request for assistance from an employment agency of choice. A person may ask, why would an organization utilize employment agencies instead of using its assets to hire laborers? The first possible reason may come from the aspect of cost efficiency. Primarily, organizations seek the help of these labor agencies because of the relative convenience the process can provide. Since agencies have a complete database of applicants for different fields, the organization will never undergo the process of coming up with an advertisement operation to gather qualified individuals. This will save the company a huge amount of money in terms of logistics. One more reason in using an employment agency is that an organization will be relieved from the responsibility of sustaining the needs of an employee in terms of labor welfare and rights. The agency can conduct all the necessary processes in order to help the organization provide the important aspects of employing people for its operations. Matters such as insurance benefits, social security membership and other labor related remunerations can be shouldered by the agency with minimal fees. Using the functions of an employment agency can greatly speed up the process of hiring for a company’s needs. Basically, the compatibility of the organization’s demands and the agency’s service will prove to be of great advantage for both parties.

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay The purpose of this report is to understand the change management and the models which the organisation faces now. The report will also provide the recommendations for the organisation that can makes the organisation become less destructive while carry out the change and provide the tools of change. The structure of the report will consist 3 parts which are literature review, case study, and recommendation. Literature Review: Kurt Lewin know it’s important to form an integrated approach to bring about change at the group or organizational levels and contribute a 3-step change models. Lewin (1947a) stated that change process involved three steps in order to change efficiency and they are stage 1 (unfreezing), stage 2 (moving), and stage 3 (refreezing) (Lewin, 1947). Unfreezing step means make the correct situation for change to happens (London Management Centre, n.d.). Lewin argued that the stability needs to be weakened which means unfrozen (take away the old behaviour can be that lead to a new behaviour successfully adopted). Schein (1996) argued that the key for unfreezing is to recognise the individual or group level change and it were a profound psychological dynamic process’. Moving stage is to create inspiration to learn but does not essentially control or predict the direction (Schein, 1996). Organisation should find out all the forces at work and identify and evaluate in order to get all the available options from trial or error basis (Lewin, 1947a). However, Lewin (1947a) also recognized that, without reinforcement, change will not last forever. The last stage of the model is refreezing. This stage is to recreate a stable atmosphere and elevates comfort levels by reconnecting people back into their familiar place (London Management Centre, n.d.). This is important as changes to individual behaviour will not be sustained unless group norms and routines are also been transformed and set. Therefore, it often requires changes to organization al norms, culture, practices and policies (Cummings and Huse, 1989). 3 steps model gives manager a framework that how to implement a change efficient, which can make the change process carried out fluently. The Kurt Lewin model can help a leader do the following three steps that helps to minimize the disruption of the structure’s operations, make a radical change, and make sure that the changes is sustainable (Morrison, 2010). Many have is argued that Lewin’s planned approach is too simplistic and mechanistic as organizational change happens everyday and open-ended process nowadays (Dawson, 1994 &e Garvin, 1993). Lewin is seen as advocating a top-down, management approach to change and ignore the situations that require bottom-up change (Dawson, 1994). Lewin’s 3 steps change model can be used if there is a short term goals to meet and celebrate (Kotter, 1996). This is because people will start to resist to change if there is no short term wins. Lewin stated that organisations should establishing the goals and objectives. Organisation should reward people that involved with recognition, promotion or money (Kanter, 1993). 3 steps change model is more construct than content driven, describing competence using language such as team working, problem solving, and effective communication (French, 1999).

Human Growth and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Growth and development - Essay Example Opponents of this approach argue that the behavioral patterns have nothing to do with genes because a human being can be modified into whatever kind of a person the nurturer wants him to grow into. Researchers and scientists have yet not settled down the argument over which part of the debate to support even after 200 year study on this subject. Several researches have been conducted in the past that prove that human genetics go hand in hand with human environment. This debate has never been settled because the truth is that both nature and nurture interrelate with each other and work parallel to each other in defining an individual’s behavior. It is incorrect to hold any one of the two responsible for how human beings grow and behave. Genes hold very much importance in the personality development of an individual but one cannot discard the importance of nurture. Works Cited Shaffer, David R. â€Å"Nature versus Nurture.† Social and Personality Development. USA: Cengage Learning, 2009.

Ideagora paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ideagora paper - Essay Example Even revolutions have a certain degree of gradualness. Agora, which in the ancient Greece was the main place of gathering with the aim of conducting trade and crucial information sharing, has been used by modern innovators to come up with a modern common market. The common modern market has however mainly relied on the computer for ideas rather than eye-to-eye contact like in the ancient Greece. Using this idea of the Greece market, innovators have created Web sites on the internet for large number of people and businesses to converge with the common goal of sharing ideas and solutions for various problems. This is a shift from the ancient market setting where goods were the main items of trade while in the modern times it is ideas. This borrowing from the ancient Agora market to develop a market driven by ideas is termed as Ideagoras (Idea + Agoras). Ideagoras has influenced heavily on the management of many companies and has been in use in modifying the various production processes by different diverse companies. The venue of converging is the internet. The meetings in the internet have broken the various geographical and cultural barriers. Companies no matter their location in the world are able to interact freely, online. One such market is InnoCentive. InnoCentive is a company that helps other companies to precisely define, appropriately integrate and effectively execute the various innovative strategies that they may be having. InnoCentive emphasizes on extensive and intensive conclusive research and radicalized development on various diverse disciplines like engineering and business. After gathering the various proposals and areas of research from various managers or companies, the InnoCentive then posts them on the net as problems. This ideagoras company then calls on scientists to try to come up with the most appropriate

Reality TV Influence on the Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reality TV Influence on the Audience - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  during the initial years of the twenty first century, viewers watched reality TV to observe people’s lives, watch them argue, fight, eat bizarre things and reveal personal details of their lives. These reality shows were humored and harmless. But with time, the essence of reality TV has changed. People now participate in reality shows to contest against each other in order to win some prize or gain popularity. This reflects increased competitiveness and materialism prevailing in the society.  This research declares that  as television drama became more violent and sexually explicit, reality TV evolved as a more meaningful genre of TV shows that present viewers with more competitive and bitter versions closer to reality. Psychologists present interesting explanation as to why reality shows are very popular. One of the primary reasons is that viewers can identify themselves with the participants who are initially ordinary people and then become famous. Secondly, they enjoy the competitive nature of such shows since there are always winners and losers.  Reality TV is taking over regular TV and is polluting people’s mind. Violence, distorted pictures of reality, language and stunts are marking a lot of reality TV. These shows are very entertaining but many professionals are expressing concerns over the harmful implications. They point out that negative impacts of reality TV are higher for children and teenagers than adults.

The Impact of an Inept Management Style on the Performance and Work Case Study - 1

The Impact of an Inept Management Style on the Performance and Working Style of the People Relating to a Hematology Department - Case Study Example The first parameter deals with the aptitude and skill of the individual in problem-solving activities and in providing prompt decisions. Secondly, the selection process also needs to evaluate the interpersonal and team building skills of the individuals relating to the process of influencing subordinates to a fulfillment of organizational goals. Thirdly, the selection process involves understanding or evaluation of an individual’s potential in handling controversial or confronting issues and to work harmoniously in a pressurized job setting. Similarly, in the fourth case, the selection process should also tend to evaluate the degree of innovation incorporated in rendering new initiatives in a proactive fashion by the managerial applicants in troubleshooting problems. Finally, the selection process of the supervisors should also tend to observe the agility in the management staffs to enhance their technical and process know-how through learning. Along with the above parameters, specific tools can be incorporated, like ‘Role Playing’ that in turn contributes to the reduction of the event of Role Ambiguity in the workplace. Similarly, apart from conducting ‘Personal Interviews’ scales can be adequately designed to rate the behavioral attributes of the different applicants based on ‘Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales’. The scales can be created on a Five Point basis from ‘Very Good’ to ‘Very Poor’ rating the different parameters like ‘Interpersonal Skills’, ‘Initiative’, ‘Working under Pressure’, ‘Leadership’, ‘Prompt Decision Making Potential’ and others to thereby present an effective assessment of the individual potencies involved in matching the requirements of the role set (Rice and Burnett, n.d., p.2-5). The selection process for the supervisors can be further  enhanced through the incorporation of the 360-degree appraisal program. Incorporation of the 360-degree appraisal contributes to the gaining of effective feedback from subordinates and peers of the applicants involved such that an effective selection procedure can be implemented.

Securing a Crime Scene Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Securing a Crime Scene Paper - Essay Example Ultimately, the importance of maintaining a contamination-free crime zones and one that is not meddled with has a profound impact with respect to the equity of the entire justice system (Lehmann et al., 2013). Due to the fact that an individual is generally charged with a crime based upon the evidence that exists at one given time, the ability to go back and retrieve evidenced in the past is not always readily available (Aquila et al., 2014). As such, the strength of the prosecution and the overall equity of the criminal justice system rests upon the ability of stakeholders to derive useful inference from a pristine crime scene that was left just as it was left by the individual responsible for committing it. Within this frame of understanding, the consequence of the contaminated crime scene relates to a situation in which scientific inquiry, police investigation, and jurisprudence is potentially led astray to understand a faulty representation of the way in which events and situatio ns actually transpired (Vivona, 2014) Aquila, I., Ausania, F., Di Nunzio, C., Serra, A., Boca, S., Capelli, A., & ... Ricci, P. (2014). The Role of Contamination in Crime Scene Investigation: Case Report and Review of Literature.  Journal Of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell),  59(3), 820-824. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12401 Balemba, S., Beauregard, E., & Martineau, M. (2014). Getting away with murder: a thematic approach to solved and unsolved homicides using crime scene factors.  Police Practice & Research,  15(3), 221-233. doi:10.1080/15614263.2013.846548 Lehmann, R. B., Goodwill, A. M., Gallasch-Nemitz, F., Biedermann, J., & Dahle, K. (2013). Applying Crime Scene Analysis to the Prediction of Contamination.  Law & Human Behavior (American Psychological Association),  37(4), 241-254.

Was World War Two a Good War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Was World War Two a Good War - Essay Example This is evident with the commencement of WWII, which historically despite cited as a â€Å"good war† in terms of ending repressive regimes, is far from it due to then its associated mass extermination of human life and crippling of allies’ economies. Contrary to numerous scholars’ works not citing detrimental effects of the war, it yielded to immense loss of lives to both civilians and those who engaged autocratic or â€Å"evil forces† as commonly preferred. As Mooney states, â€Å"roughly 6 million Jews and approximately 4 million others were murdered in the â€Å"Holocaust† (Mooney, 110).† Hence, revealing the utter retaliations of autocratic forces after realizing their victims of the day had support from external world, which was ready for engagements. However, numerous history scholars despite noticing this utter humiliation tend to incline towards adopting political perspective while ignoring scars the war left in people’s hearts . Most of the retaliations made by the then â€Å"evil forces/powers† of the day encompassed unleashing terror on those who could not defend themselves. The core reason was to irritate other global blocs who through their actions of inducing peace seemed to defend victims despite most of them being not their citizens. However, these efforts by sympathizing blocs instead of bringing relieve to the suffering continued to worsen while trying to eliminate totalitarian regimes. According to Mooney’s sentiments, â€Å"100,000 more eventually died from burns and radiation sickness†¦ On 9 August a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing 80,000 more Japanese (Mooney, 119).† This was more than what opposing peaceful blocs together with their allies of the then campaigned while in the quest of inducing peace and saving life. It is irrefutable WWII despite attributed with overthrowing and containing the then tyrannical powers, it yielded to the destruction and stagnation of numerous global economies. This is in terms of numerous resources that went into supporting the military forces against their autocratic enemies, which was not an easy task. According to Ernie, â€Å"For a mile out from the beach there were scores of tanks and trucks and boats that you could no longer see, for they were at the bottom of the water - swamped by overloading, or hit by shells, or sunk by mines (Ernie, â€Å"The Horrible Waste of War†).† This was one of the numerous destructions evidenced on both sides as each pioneering state solicited monetary and weaponry support from respective allies. Hence, rendering the war as the most expensive the world has ever had, which somehow crippled entire global economy. It also led to the disruption of family structure whose effect is still evident to date. The female gender ended up assuming male’s occupations where they worked in industries to support the then ongoing combat. During then, almost all men comprising the energetic gap ganged together compelled by their respective states to wage war against tyrannical powers. This is evident in Sauer’s confession citing, â€Å"I worked seven days a week† (Sauer, â€Å"The War Changed My Life Completely†). Hence, revealing utter situation she had to undergo due to the lack of labor force in industrial firms where

Nicodemus and samaritan woman Essay Example for Free

Nicodemus and samaritan woman Essay Nicodemus and samaritan woman BY wtxY16 Summarize, explain and compare the meeting of Jesus with Nicodemus in John chapter 3 with his meeting with the woman at the well in John chapter 4. Introduction In the fourth gospel John we are told about when Jesus has two encounters with two completely different people and he talks to them about God and himself. He teaches them about spiritual water and how he is the messiah. Im going to talk about these two meetings and compare them with one another to see the differences and the imilarities between the two. Jesus and Nicodemus, The meeting with Jesus and Nicodemus is a very interesting one to say the least because Nicodemus is seen to be a very high up Jewish leader, Nicodemus was a member of a very important Jewish group known as the Sanhedrin which is like a council but for Jews Oewish council). The Sanhedrin was in fact in the end of Jesuss life was actually responsible for Jesuss death, which makes it kind of ironic because Jesus is a Jew. Nicodemus wanted to speak to Jesus in private so they rranged a visit in the dark which instantly shows us that Nicodemus doesnt want to be seen with Jesus because he is a member of the Sanhedrin, its as if he is hiding something or frightened about what people will thin if they see him talking to Jesus. The fact Nicodemus goes to Jesus at night makes him a very interesting person as it makes us question why he sees Jesus at night and not in the day its as if he doesnt have faith in Jesus or believes he is better than everyone else and has a higher knowledge of faith because Nicodemus was a teacher of the Jewish law so is an cademic therefore he can not be seen by others talking to Jesus as he has a higher authority. Jesus said to Nicodemus that he was born again which Nicodemus misunderstood because he is thinking with the mind because he is an academic he isnt thinking with the spirit or the heart, which is what Jesus is implying and trying to get across. The talk ends with Nicodemus leaving in the darkness of the night not understanding who Jesus really is because his academic view cant grasp the hidden meaning that Jesus is portraying. Jesus and the Samaritan woman at the well. Jesus was sat by a well on a hot day this Samaritan woman came to get some water out of the well, which is weird because no one gets water at the hottest point of the day it suggests that she is lonely or an outcast a sinner. Jesus asked the woman for a drink but she wouldnt give him a drink because Jesus was a Jew and she was a Samaritan. They hate each other. Jesus offered another kind of water to the woman this time it was spiritual water and she said give me that water so I wont go thirsty. Jesus reveals what the woman nas done wrong she has had five husbands and for this the other Samaritans do not accept her and she has become isolated because of this. This sows us that she is not a very religious person as she has sinned many times and she know what her sins are which makes her interesting as she becomes a changed woman as Jesus changes her by providing her with spiritual water which makes her realize actually who Jesus really is. Jesus said I am he the messiah. The woman runs off to get other people to see the messiah. The woman is important as it shows us how even though she has committed many sins and has done wrong she is looking for forgiveness and she finds it threw Jesus who shows her the way. Jesuss meeting with Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman are quite different but shows us how the people who know they are good dont always find the answer its the people who lack the faith and believe and dont believe they are good who find the answer. This is shown clearly between the two Nicodemus and the woman because Nicodemus who is part of the Sanhedrin is a very intelligent guy and knows hat he is, doesnt get his life changed by Jesus because he is thinking with the mind not spiritually because he is intelligent, whereas as the woman has committed many sins in her life and is seeking forgiveness and doesnt know she is good. Even though she hasnt done what god asked and has sinned she is the one that understands out of the two who Jesus really is. You wouldnt expect that from a sinner which make it interesting. The Samaritan woman speaks to Jesus in the light at the hottest time of day its as if she knows what she has done and is a wear other people know and herefore she has got nothing to hide whereas Nicodemus talks to Jesus in the Night in the Darkness which suggests there is something we dont know about him, like he is hiding something a truth he doesnt want us to know. Even though he is more religious than the Samaritan woman. The Samaritan womans life is instantly changed but Nicodemuss isnt in fact we dont know if he ever did change. The woman is open in life and is a waiting the messiah to cleanse her whereas Nicodemus is more reserved and thinks he knows it all he comes across as arrogant.

Sherlock Holmes And Christopher Boone English Language Essay

Sherlock Holmes And Christopher Boone English Language Essay In Mark Haddons short-story, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time Christopher Boone, the protagonist has suggested several times that he, doing some detective work himself, is very much like Sir Arthur Conan Doyles famous character, Sherlock Holmes. Based on the protagonists strange behaviour and thoughts, many people think that he has some kind of mental illness. And, as he is so much like Sherlock Holmes, who is a rather peculiar figure himself, we can enlist the main similarities and differences between the two fictional characters. As of Holmes character, I chose to pick the BBC adaptation of 2010 and 2012, because it is much closer in time and setting than that of the original stories. But, before starting the list, lets see what the main syndromes of Asperger are, the assumed mental illness of Christopher. The severity of Asperger can vary from mild to severe. They usually do not tolerate well any changes and often have obsessive routines. They generally have a special interest, in which they are really good. At young age, these symptoms can lead to rigidity, but later in adulthood it actually might result in a sumptuous carrier. Especially if we considerate their ability to learn social skills as others can learn how to ride a bike. But, at least at the beginning, they cannot always read body language and other non-verbal language and cannot measure proper body space and they often avoid gaze. They appear to be especially sensitive to particular sounds, touch, light, to which other people are not. This causes a very strange and odd behaviour sometimes. As a result, their mates will often see them an outsider and mock them for this. It will not help to ease this situation the fact that people who suffer from Aspergers syndrome have an innate naivety and a normal IQ, but have extraordin ary skill in a particular area. In terms of their use of language, they seem to develop like everyone else. However, they often have a larger amount of vocabulary than others of their age, and also they are really straightforward in their choice of words. In other cases, they might encounter some hardships in language usage in social environment.  [1]   Now that we have seen the main symptoms of Asperger, we can go on to the examples from Haddons work and how much they actually apply for its protagonist, Christopher. Parallelled to this, we will see the similarities and occasional differences between him and Sherlock Holmes. Some scientists even presume that Holmes has many symptoms of Asperger, thus was the first character (although fictional), who suffered from this kind of mental illness, even thought it was described first in 1944 and acknowledged only in 1994.  [2]  Others think that Doyle, due to his medical studies, may have known some of these symptoms.  [3]   First of all, as we have seen, the main characteristic of this illness is being antisocial. In the short-story, Christopher does not seem to know many people, nor does he desire to. His most important contact is with his father, with whom he lives and who understand him and is able to deal with his sons illness, on the contrary to his own mother. His mother wrote Christopher this, how she could not cope with the strange behavior of his son, but how patient was his father usually with him. After his father he mentions especially a lot Siobhan, the school-psychiatrist, who helps him and tries to teach him about social contacts. Moreover, she is one of the few who can draw Christopher out from his usual uncommunicative state. Similarly to the role of Siobhan in the boys life, Dr. Watson constantly tries to keep Holmes from hurting others feelings, and in general tries to get him to behave in a socially acceptable manner. In some way, he is the normal counterpart of Holmes abnormal life.   [4]   Lestrade: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Weve found Rachel. Sherlock Holmes: Who is she? Lestrade: Jennifer Wilsons only daughter. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Sherlock Holmes: You need to bring Rachel in. You need to question her.  I  need to question her. Lestrade: Shes dead. Sherlock Holmes: Excellent! Sherlock Holmes: How, when and why? Is there a connection? There  has  to be. Lestrade: Well, I doubt it, since shes been dead for fourteen years. Technically she was never alive. Rachel was Jennifer Wilsons stillborn daughter, fourteen years ago. Sherlock Holmes: No, thats thats not right. How Why would she do that?  Why? [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] John Watson: You said that the victims all took the poison themselves, that he  makes  them take it. Well, maybe he I dont know, talks to them? Maybe he used the death of her daughter somehow. Sherlock Holmes: Yeah, but that was  ages  ago. Why would she still be upset? (John stares at him. Sherlock hesitates as he realises that everyone in the flat has stopped what theyre doing and has fallen silent. He glances around the room and then looks awkwardly at John.) Sherlock Holmes: Not good? John Watson: Bit  not good, yeah. When Christopher talks to other people, for example Mrs. Alexander, he states that it is difficult for him to converse with them, because he does not know them, thus does not trust them; and also because chatting with someone is not easy for them. But, interestingly, the boy occasionally can overcome his difficulties and for some time can maintain a normal conversation with the old lady. Parallelly, Sherlock does not seem to have many friends, but still is more social than Christopher, he does not have a problem with talking to anyone. Even though both of them seem to encounter difficulties at the area of social contacts, the also both try to improve their skills. In the short-story we often read that Christopher says or does something just because he is told that is the proper thing to say or do. For example, when Ed Boone, his father prepares him some meal, we read: And I said, Thank you for supper, because that is being polite.  [5]   In BBC Sherlock, in the episode Scandal in Belgravia at the Christmas party, Holmes jabbers a long and quite rude monologue about Mollys especially coquettish looks, with which she wishes to seduce a secret boyfriend. When it turns out it is actually Sherlock with whom Molly is in love with, thus humiliating Molly in front of the whole room, Holmes finally apologies. For a brief moment we can see Watsons face, which is clearly surprised by Sherlocks apology. From this scene we can see how he tries to redeem the insulting things he said out loud. In connection with this antisocial behavior, people who have this illness, tend to have some problem with emotions and their recognition. At the very beginning of his book, Christopher shows us some drawings of smileys. He says he can understand happiness and sadness, but not the other facial expressions which indicate more complex emotions.  [6]  It seems he is somehow insensitive to most kind of emotions. It especially shows in his choice of words and straightforwardness: And Mrs. Alexander said, Your mother, before she died, was very good friends with Mr. Shears. And I said, I know. And she said, No, Christopher. I m not sure that you do. I mean that they were very good friends. Very, very good friends. I thought about this for a while and said, Do you mean that they were doing sex? And Mrs. Alexander said, Yes, Christopher. That is what I mean. It seems that even death does not really bother him. This characteristic is found in Sherlock Holmes, too. In fact, this is his one of his most famous features: being the man of logic and not that of emotions. For example in the morgue, in the same episode of BBC Sherlock, the Holmes brothers see a family on Christmas Eve who probably lost a relative and they are, of course, devastated. But they just watch them, saying: Sherlock Holmes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Look at them. They all care so much. Do you ever wonder if theres something wrong with us?   Mycroft Holmes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾All lives end. All hearts are broken. Caring is not an advantage, Sherlock.  [7]   Moreover, in The Hounds of Baskerville where Holmes deliberately poisons his only friend, and when Watson questions him about it, he does not seem to be very bothered about the matter. John Watson: So you got it wrong. Sherlock Holmes: No. John Watson: You were wrong. It wasnt in the sugar. You got it  wrong. Sherlock Holmes: A bit. It wont happen again.  [8]   It is very important to note that on the contrary of Christopher, Sherlock can actually pretend any kind of emotion just to get some information, he easily manipulates anyone without a bit of regret. Sherlock Holmes: Mrs Monkford? (She turns to him tearfully.) Mrs. Monkford: Yes. Mrs. Monkford: Sorry, but Ive already spoken with two policemen. John Watson: No, were not from the police; were (Sherlock holds his hand out to her, his voice tearful and tremulous.) Sherlock Holmes: Sherlock Holmes. Very old friend of your husbands. We, um (As she shakes his hand, he looks down as if fighting back his tears.) Sherlock Holmes: we grew up together. Mrs. Monkford: Im sorry, who? I dont think he ever mentioned you. Sherlock Holmes (still tearful): Oh, he  must  have done. This is this is horrible, isnt it? Sherlock Holmes: I mean, I just cant believe it. I only saw him the other day. Same old Ian not a care in the world. (He smiles tearfully at her.) Mrs. Monkford: Sorry, but my husband has been depressed for months. Who  are  you? Sherlock Holmes: Really strange that he hired a car. Why would he do that? Its a bit suspicious, isnt it? (By now he has tears running down his cheeks.) Mrs. Monkford: No, it isnt. He forgot to renew the tax on the car, thats all. Sherlock Holmes: Oh, well, that was Ian! That was Ian all over! Mrs. Monkford: No it wasnt. (Instantly Sherlocks fake persona drops and he looks at her intensely.) Sherlock Holmes: Wasnt it? Interesting. In general, Holmes is quite rude to everyone, including Watson, and also, he sees himself as the only normal human being in the world. Here are two very good example of this from the first episode of the series, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾A Study in Pink: Sherlock Holmes: Took me less than an hour to find the right skip. John Watson: Pink. You got  all  that because you realised the case would be pink? Sherlock Holmes: Well, it  had  to be pink, obviously. John Watson (to himself): Why didnt  I  think of that? Sherlock Holmes: Because youre an idiot. (John looks across to him, startled) Sherlock Holmes: No, no, no, dont look like that. Practically everyone is. And elsewhere: Sherlock Holmes: Anderson, dont talk out loud. You lower the I.Q. of the whole street.  [9]  (A Study in Pink) This feature shares also Christopher, when he talks about his schoolmates and he states that he is the only normal among them. Both of them are aware of their special skills, therefore both of them are quite proud, almost arrogant. Christopher, without any trace of modesty, is a hundred per-cent sure he will get his A-level in maths. Holmes, too, is always sure he will solve the case, and when he makes an error, he is quite reluctant to admit it (see the The Hounds of Baskerville conversation above). They both has their special area of interest, although Christophers is much narrower (only maths) than Holmes, which includes everything from biology and chemistry to observation and deduction. They both tend to shut down when they occupy themselves with their work, they do not eat or speak for long hours, in some extreme cases, even for days. However, unlike Sherlock, Christopher has a range of special rules which tend to interfere with his everyday life, for example the quality of the day is based on how many red or yellow cars he sees on the way to school; or he cannot eat his meal if they touched each other on his plate. They do not only tend to shock people with their lack of emotion, but also with their actual behaviour, thus both of them being outsiders in some way. For example, at the beginning of the story, Christopher hugs the dead, bloody dog. That is surely something most normal people would not do. Similarly, at the beginning of The Hounds of Baskerville, Sherlock suddenly appears at the door, covered in blood, nearly giving poor Watson a heart attack. He explains he could not come home earlier because not a taxi would take him, so he had to travel on the metro. Also, at the beginning of The Blind Banker, Holmes meets his old acquaintance from the university. This man briefly mentions what an outsider was Sherlock even at that time, due to his extraordinary skills. Sebastian: We were at uni together. This guy here had a trick he used to do. Sherlock Holmes: Its not a trick. Sebastian: He could look at you and tell you your whole life story. John Watson: Yes, Ive seen him do it. Sebastian: Put the wind up everybody. We hated him. The description mentioned as one of them symptoms the sensitivity of touch, light or smell which others are not even aware of. Christopher does not like to be touched by anyone, even his own parents. Sherlock does not have any of this problem, but he does share the special ability to observe and remember people and characteristics which other people do not even see. When Christopher meets someone, he tends to mention the colour of his shoes, which is completely irrelevant, but still important to him. In the series, this ability of Holmes is illustrated by fancy texts which appear on the screen when he is observing someone, or he has many, rather inapprehensible monologues where he explains his deductions to the others. It is really interesting how similar is the way they both save their memories. Christopher describes it as a DVD, which he can rewatch again and again with the same accuracy, and Holmes has a mind palace where he can wander around and find the appropriate information. As a curiosity, both the short-story and the series mention the deerstalker, one of the most famous symbols of Sherlock Holmes, but in these works this hat does not seem to get as much attention as all the other adaptations of the Sherlock Holmes stories. Christopher writes: In the original Sherlock Holmes stories Sherlock Holmes is never described as wearing a deerstalker hat, which is what he is always wearing in pictures and cartoons. The deerstalker hat was invented by a ma n called Sidney Paget, who did the illustrations for the original books. And in the series, at the beginning of The Reichenbach Fall: Sherlock Holmes: Why is it always the hat photograph? [] Sherlock Holmes: What sort of hat is it anyway? [] Sherlock Holmes: Is it a cap? Why has it got two fronts? John Watson: Its a deerstalker.  [] Sherlock Holmes: You stalk a deer with a hat? What are you gonna do throw it? [] Sherlock Holmes: Some sort of death frisbee? [] Sherlock Holmes: Its got flaps ear flaps. Its an  ear  hat, John. [] John Watson: [] this isnt a deerstalker now; its a Sherlock Holmes hat.   As we can see, there are many similarities and differences between these two characters. But in general we can say that the detective is much more functional and effective than Christopher, only a little peculiar. Sources: Albrecht: Albrecht, Karl Ph. D.: Did Sherlock Holmes Have Asperger Syndrome? Published in October 13, 2011. From: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brainsnacks/201110/did-sherlock-holmes-have-asperger-syndrome-0 Haddon: Haddon, Mark: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, Doubleplay, London, 2003. I used the page numbers from the copy found on this site: https://sites.google.com/site/janoskenyeres/readingliterarytexts 2012-11-02 17:50 Kirby: Kirby, Barbara L.: What is Aperger Syndrome? 2001. From: http://scholar.google.hu/scholar?q=what+is+asperger+syndromebtnG=hl=huas_sdt=0 2012-11-16 09:58 Sanders: Sanders, Lisa M.D.: Hidden Clues. Published: December 6, 2009, New York. From: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/magazine/06diagnosis-t.html?pagewanted=all 2012-11-16 11:34 Sherlock. Created by Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat. BBC, 2010 and 2012. Verhees: Verhees, Ingrid: From Hero and Zero to Butch and Sundance: On the Evolution of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson Throughout a Century of Adaptation. MA thesis, 2011, Universiteit Utrecht. From:http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/student-theses/2011-0919-201519/From%20Hero%20and%20Zero%20to%20Butch%20and%20Sundance%20-%20On%20the%20Evolution%20of%20Sherlock%20Holmes%20and%20Dr.%20Watson%20Throughout%20a%20Century%20of%20Adaptation.pdf 2012-11-16 14:22 Transcription of the series: Sherlock transcription: http://arianedevere.livejournal.com/tag/transcript 2012-11-16 19:11 Imdb: http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0036861/quotes 2012-11-16 17:59

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes! We’re coming Abraham Lincoln. With curses loud and deep. That will haunt you in your walking, and disturb you in your sleep.† This is a battle hymn sung by the Sons of Liberty which is the first Confederate run terrorist group Higham talks about. This hymn is a good example of the tone author Charles Higham sets for the book. Murdering Mr. Lincoln by Charles Higham, presents the reader with a factual, in-depth look at the story behind the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Higham leaves no stone unturned as he thoroughly explains the events that lead up to the death of Lincoln. Overall, the book is written in the eyes of the Confederacy and examples like this hymn give the reader reason to believe so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first section that Higham explains is titled â€Å"The Mission.† This section gives a general overview of the mission of Confederate groups to try to remove President Lincoln from office. As the author explains, the Sons of Liberty were dedicated people, not just of the South, but also from Canada, who were willing to create a plan to take out the North. They did this is several ways, such as provoking war between England and the United States. Higham backs up his belief by providing vital information. â€Å"In the fall of 1861...Union adventurer Captain Charles F. Wilkes was sent to stage a boarding and seizure of the British ship Trent. This was, in legal terms, and act of war since no ship could be boarded in that manner according to the peculiar maritime rules† (Pg 9). Higham also lays down a background of future players that will be involved in the Lincoln assassination. Officials such as Confederate President Jefferson Davis, his Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, and the Secretary of the Treasury Chris Memminger were planning to send a Confederate mission to British North America. The objective of the mission was to disrupt the loyal American states and enlist support for possible invasion, arson and murder to endanger the North. Higham’s viewpoints of the beginning stages of the coup d’etat against Lincoln are backed up with precision accuracy. It is very easy to understand his style of writing, especially when he writes about some of the people involved in the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Higham calls this next player to be the â€Å"most furious and dangerous anti-Lincol... ...d in the average history book. Here is where Higham instills a lasting impression on the reader of the entire situation. John Wilkes Booth, and most of his accomplices, were seized and sent to trial where they were all found guilty of murder. One of the interesting things about the story is that John Surratt, whose mother was hanged for the crime, managed to be at two places at once. John Surratt was another Confederate supporter who conspired with Booth about the assassination plot on Lincoln. While a fugitive from the American justice system, Surratt escaped first to Canada, proceeded to Great Britain, then Rome, and after a brief detention there, to Alexandria, Egypt. This is just one of the conspiracies Higham talks about in his book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From start to finish, Higham thoroughly explains each stage that lead to the eventual assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. One of the reasons why Higham is so successful in his attempt tell the story is that he back his information and arguments up with detailed accounts of what actually happened. Higham style is informative and understandable. Higham knowledge of the subject matter comes through in the book.

socio-economic development and health Essay -- essays research papers

Question One There are a number of ways in which the increasing socio-economic development of a nation can help improve the health of the population. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a correlation between mortality rates in the developing countries, especially amongst children, and the level of education of the parents of the children. For example, in Morocco, a mother who has completed 4-6 years of schooling, their child is 45% less likely to have died by the age of 2, compared with child’s mother who has had no school (Book 3, Page 54). Education improves the overall knowledge of looking after oneself and others, but also enables people to gain higher income levels, and thus, acquire purchasing power to buy the goods (if available), which will help them improve their quality of life. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food provisions are a necessity to maintaining a healthy population. There are many facets to food, mainly the distribution and supply of food, and the quality and nutritional ingredients of food. Food needs to be of good, sustainable quality so that it provides people with the basic supply of vitamins and minerals to live, and has to be easily accessible so that everyone in the nation can benefit. Developed countries have pioneered the way of preserving food for longer (i.e. use of plastics), and developing countries have benefited from this, but the developed world has also introduced new fear factors regarding food such as contamination (BSE, Salmonella etc) and additives, and, the long term effects of such advancements is beginning to materialise (Book 3, Page 306-307). Developing nations need to maintain a balance of growth, by producing enough food for the nations own consumption, but also growing food for exportation, which will improve their GNP and thei r overall growth as a nation. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reducing the gap between the social classes will provide a better overall health and wealth of a nation. Those living in the lower social classes have a lower life expectancy than those in higher social classes (Book 3, Page 216). There are many tools and precautions that may be used to bridge the gap. Occupations within the social classes tend to be more manual and risk-based occupations such as mining or engineering. In recent times, Acts of Law have been passed by Governments to protect employees, and as such... ... in further research. The developed world cannot be complacent in its attitude towards communicable diseases. As more and more people are able and free to roam from country to country, so it becomes harder to ensure that adequate strategies can be enforced and that the appropriate vaccines have been administered. Therefore, there still has to be concerted efforts from the developed and the developing world that a multi-disciplinary strategy can be adopted and enforced, and only by such mechanisms can the long-term goal of eradicating communicable diseases be achieved. References Szreter,S (1998) ‘The importance of social intervention in Britain’s mortality decline c. 1850-1914: a re-interpretation of the role of public health.’ in Davey, B, Gray, A and Seale, C (eds) Health and Disease: A Reader, Open University Press, Buckingham. U205 Health and Disease Book 3 (2001) World Health and Disease, Gray,A, Open University Press, Buckingham. U205 Health and Disease Book 1 (2001) Medical Knowledge: Doubt and Certainty, Seale, C. Pattison, S. and Davey, B. (eds), Open University Press, Buckingham. VC 1265, Video 1, ‘South Africa: Health at the crossroads’ Open University.

Lighting Candles :: Personal Narrative Essays

Lighting Candles Albert Einstein once said, "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious," His words echo in my mind as I constantly make many choices in my life. First, I chose to leave the state and live with my father in South Carolina, then I came back to my hometown, and now I'm planning to study abroad in France. Change apparently enthralls me. The beauty of change and mystery is not only the excitement of seeing and learning new things but the way in which I can explore my true self and make advancements in personal growth. Sometimes the only way to do that is to test myself by trying new adventures. As a high school student, I have been provided with many and academic opportunities. This has allowed me to develop a stronger sense of who I am, where my strengths lie, and what profesion would best fit my interests and abilities. The greatest blessing has been the leadership organizations that have come into my life. Both in South Carolina and here, I have been honored to be selected as one of the schools emerging leaders. Here, the Emerging Leader Institute has nurtured the challenge of self-exploration. Each forum looked at an important aspect of leadership in a creative and interactive manner. There was rarely a dull moment! From analyzing my personality, to communication exercises, to looking at a real human brain, ELI allowed me to realize my skills in organization, creativity, and communication. But the greater task at hand was both the group and individual leadership projects. As a group, we decided to landcape the Bob Brown House, a home for disabled adults. At first, I felt as though the idea was ludicrous. I didn't think that a group of wimpy high school kids could pull it off successfully. I was wrong. Not only did I see students shine as they prepared for the day by getting many donations of presents, trees, and plants, but I saw the apprectiation in the eyes of the adults whom we helped. I felt grateful and proud to be part of the group. However, the individual project was not as cut and dry. It was truly up to me to decide what to do and to actually do it. I didn't struggle finding a topic. Lighting Candles :: Personal Narrative Essays Lighting Candles Albert Einstein once said, "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious," His words echo in my mind as I constantly make many choices in my life. First, I chose to leave the state and live with my father in South Carolina, then I came back to my hometown, and now I'm planning to study abroad in France. Change apparently enthralls me. The beauty of change and mystery is not only the excitement of seeing and learning new things but the way in which I can explore my true self and make advancements in personal growth. Sometimes the only way to do that is to test myself by trying new adventures. As a high school student, I have been provided with many and academic opportunities. This has allowed me to develop a stronger sense of who I am, where my strengths lie, and what profesion would best fit my interests and abilities. The greatest blessing has been the leadership organizations that have come into my life. Both in South Carolina and here, I have been honored to be selected as one of the schools emerging leaders. Here, the Emerging Leader Institute has nurtured the challenge of self-exploration. Each forum looked at an important aspect of leadership in a creative and interactive manner. There was rarely a dull moment! From analyzing my personality, to communication exercises, to looking at a real human brain, ELI allowed me to realize my skills in organization, creativity, and communication. But the greater task at hand was both the group and individual leadership projects. As a group, we decided to landcape the Bob Brown House, a home for disabled adults. At first, I felt as though the idea was ludicrous. I didn't think that a group of wimpy high school kids could pull it off successfully. I was wrong. Not only did I see students shine as they prepared for the day by getting many donations of presents, trees, and plants, but I saw the apprectiation in the eyes of the adults whom we helped. I felt grateful and proud to be part of the group. However, the individual project was not as cut and dry. It was truly up to me to decide what to do and to actually do it. I didn't struggle finding a topic.

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 19

19. Being the Chronicles of Abby Normal: Oh Day Dwellers Doth Betray Me? My heart has been torn asunder, and I am faced with the revelation that my most awesome-haired mad scientist of passion may in fact be an uncaring assbag who has sullied my innocence and whatnot and then cruelly cast me aside. So, that sucks. ‘Kayso, like it says in the Bible, â€Å"with great power, comes great responsibility,† which I totally learned by pushing my vamp abilities too far in trying to show off for Foo by diving through our boarded-up windows. So I was â€Å"doh,† and I passed out-real passed out, like head-injury passed out, not vampyre passed out. But in my unconsciousness, Foo and Jared gave me blood, and I healed, so when I woke up in the bedroom, I came leaping out into the living area, my claws ready to rend flesh and kick ass. And I was all, â€Å"Rawr!† And who do I see there but the vampyre Flood, my most recently escaped master gone mad, who has never even seen me in this outfit, let alone as a vamp. So I was all, â€Å"Rawr!† hoping my fangs were showing. And he was all, â€Å"Hi, Abby.† And I was all, â€Å"Rawr! Fear me!† And he was all, â€Å"That's not a thing. Saying rawr is not a vampyre thing.† And I'm like, â€Å"It is too. I'm totally showing my animal power and fierceness.† And he's like, â€Å"No, you're not, you're just saying rawr in a big voice. It's not a thing.† â€Å"It could be a thing,† I go, in my defense. And Jared is like, â€Å"I don't think it's a thing, Abs.† And I'm like, â€Å"Well then how about I drain you until you're dust and put you in the cat box, Jared? Is that a vampyre thing?† And he was all, â€Å"‘Kay. I'm sorry. Rawr is totally a thing.† So I looked at Flood with pity, having humiliated him on the field of battle. But it is in the gentler monster that humanity is revealed, so I'm like, â€Å"It's a thing for some of us. So, check it, I'm nossssss-feratu. Like you, only, you know, not fashion retarded. Speaking of, why do you look like the window at Banana Republic?† Flood was always sort of jeans and flannel before, like he was caught in some '90s grunge vortex, but now he was like linen and tan leather. And Flood's like, â€Å"I was running around the streets naked until a few hours ago.† And I was like, â€Å"‘Kay. My bad.† So he's all, â€Å"Abby, we need to go. I need to find Jody and I need your help.† And then Foo, who has been doing science stuff in the kitchen, comes over and he's like, â€Å"Abby, I can switch you back. I can switch you both back. I already have Tommy's serum made from before.† And I'm like, â€Å"You are trs cute when you're threatened.† And I jump over there and kiss him deeply-like I can hear a couple of his vertebrae crack. But then I go to slap him, so he won't think I'm a slut, and Tommy catches my hand. And he's all, â€Å"Abby, you have to stop doing that. You could kill him.† I'm like, â€Å"Really?† He's all nodding. And Foo's all mouthing â€Å"thank you† to him, like I don't have vampyre hearing and don't know that he's being a total little bitch about it. So I, like, turn on Foo and go, â€Å"Rawr.† I don't care what Tommy says, Foo trembled in fear. And Tommy's like, â€Å"Let's go, Abby.† Like Foo hasn't said a word. And I grab my Pirate Bunny messenger bag and start to pack in my laptop and charger, and Flood is all, â€Å"Leave that here.† And I'm like, â€Å"How will I express my angst and dark inspirations and whatnot?† And Flood is like, â€Å"I thought we'd go suck the blood out of some people.† And I was like, â€Å"‘Kay, but I'm still taking my laptop. I have to do my blog. I have subscribers.† I do. Well, a subscriber. And he's like, â€Å"If we have to go to mist you'll lose it.† And I'm like, â€Å"You don't know how to do that.† And he's all, â€Å"I do now.† And I'm all, â€Å"Teach me. I didn't go to ancient evil vampyre school like you.† And he's like, â€Å"I'm nineteen, remember? I went to public school. In Indiana.† And Foo's like, â€Å"You're only nineteen? You're not even old enough to drink?† And Jared is like, â€Å"Shut up. He's her dark lord. Our dark lord.† And Foo's like, â€Å"Fine. Go. Be careful. Text me. I'll be here trying to save the world.† And Tommy's all, â€Å"I'm just going to try to save the woman I love, and that's as good as the world to me.† And I was like-nothing. I just looked at Tommy. But I would have done him on a bed of carpet tacks right then. So outside the love lair, which is technically not mine and Foo's anymore, now that the rightful owners are not imprisoned in bronze, I go, â€Å"So, where do we start?† And Flood is all, â€Å"We start by finding a safe place to sleep during the day.† And I'm all, â€Å"The love lair. Foo and Jared will be our minions and whatnot.† And he's like, â€Å"The last time I went out there I woke up inside a statue, and the last time you were up there your love ninja gave you blood with a sedative.† And I'm all, â€Å"No.† And he's all, â€Å"Yeah.† And I'm all, â€Å"Foo, you crapacious little geek! Can I go slap him around a little?† And Flood is all, â€Å"He was going to change you back. To save you.† And I go, â€Å"Without even asking? I think not, noble vamptard. As soon as we find the Countess I'm coming back. There will be screaming.† And Flood's like, â€Å"You don't have any confrontation issues, do you?† And I'm all, â€Å"No, I'm very insecure, actually, but I have found that if you roll up screaming like a madwoman, hair on fire, guns blazing, no one is going to mention the zit on your forehead.† Which is totally true. â€Å"Okey dokey,† goes the vampyre Flood. â€Å"We'll look for someplace low or high. Low is probably safest, we can look for maintenance closets in the BART tunnels, but that keeps us out of the north end of the City, because there's no subway there. High, harder to find a place, but it gives us more choice, and it's less obvious, if Rivera and Cavuto are looking for us. There are a lot of utility sheds and meter shelters on roofs.† So I'm like, â€Å"Are we going to sleep together?† And Flood's like, â€Å"No, but we'll be dead in the same space.† And I was thinking, â€Å"How romantic,† but I go, â€Å"Let's get high.† And Tommy's all, â€Å"I think that's a good idea. Jody lived in the north end of the City and so did I. It makes sense that's where she'd go. We need to get into the upper floors of a tall building and look down on other roofs, look for a shed or something. Climbing up won't be a problem. You can tell if there's people in it by looking for heat. You know you can see heat now, right?† And I'm like, â€Å"I was figuring that it was that or that every lightbulb was leaking into the sky. But how do you know all this other stuff?† And Tommy's like, â€Å"I have no idea.† And I was like, â€Å"If we find a roof shack with a pigeon coop by it we'll have snacks when we wake up.† I know, perky. I must resist the perky. Must resist the perky. So, like, an hour later we've found our sweet roof grave on a building in the financial district, and Flood and I are walking up Powell Street, toward California and the Fairmont, where the Countess was last seen. And we are totally alive with the night. There's like two cities in the City. I didn't see it before. There's like the indoor city, the daytime city, with people inside of apartments and restaurants and offices, and they have, like, no fucking clue about the outside city. And there's the outside city people, who are in the streets all the time, and who know every hiding place, and every tree, and where it's dangerous, and where it's just creepy. The outside city people live on, like, a different plane of existence, like they don't even see the inside people either. But when you're a vampyre, the two cities are all lit up. You can hear the people talking and eating and watching TV in their houses, and you can see and feel the people in the streets, behind the garbage cans, u nder the stairs. All these auras show, sometimes right through walls. Like life, glowing. Some bright pink, like Foo's, some sort of brown, or gray, like on the AIDS vet panhandling at the corner of Powell and Post. And I'm totally losing my ability to appear bored, because it's fucking awesome. I'm trying to be chill for Flood, but I want to know. So I'm like, â€Å"What's with the pink ring around people?† And he's like, â€Å"It's their life force. You can tell how healthy they are by it. You'll be able to smell if they're dying, too, but you won't know that right away.† I know, whoa. So I'm like, â€Å"Whoa.† And he's all, â€Å"You see it for a reason.† And I'm like, â€Å"‘Splain, s'il vous plaà ®t.† And he's all, â€Å"Because you're only supposed to take the sick, the dying. It's part of our predator nature. I didn't know that before I-I was lost, but I know it now.† I know, whoa. So I'm like, â€Å"Okay, how do you turn to mist?† And he's like, â€Å"It's mental. Completely. You can't think about it, you just have to be.† And I'm like, â€Å"You're fucking with me, aren't you?† And he's all, â€Å"No, if you think, it doesn't work. You have to just be. Words get in the way. I think that's why the cats do it instinctively. That's the key. Instinct. I don't function well on instinct. I'm a word guy.† And I'm all, â€Å"I'm a word guy, too,† like a total dwee-bosaurus. I know. How is it that I, acting Mistress of the Greater Bay Area darkness, can be reduced to spewing nano-brained beauty-queen dialog when I should be enjoying the heady power of my vamp immortality? Simple, I am a romance slut, and there's nothing I can do about it. If a guy does or says something romantic, I'm all, â€Å"Oh, please excuse me, kind, sir, let me dial down my IQ and oh, if it would please sir, may I offer you this moist, yet helpless va-jay-jay that seems to have lost its way.† I was clearly born in the wrong time. I should have been born in Wuthering Heights times. Although if I was Cathy, I would have hunted down that Heathcliff guy and beat him with a riding crop like a sado-hooker with his Black Card on file. Just sayin'. So there's nothing at the Fairmont. We talk to the bellman and the guy at the concierge desk, who talks to the front-desk guy who says that he's not at liberty to talk about guests, when I whip a hundred-dollar bill on him and he says â€Å"the redhead† never showed up again after the day the cops came around asking for her. He said the cops took a cooler from her room. And Tommy's like, â€Å"She just vanished.† And I'm all, â€Å"Do you want to get coffee? I have a bag of blood and ten thousand dollars in my messenger.† The nosferatu can totally drink lattes as long as they put some blood in it, unless they're lactose intolerant. And he stops and looks at me. He's like, â€Å"Really, ten thousand? Think that will be enough?† And I'm like, â€Å"Well, you'll have to drink the cheap stuff, but I like to drink my lattes directly out of the veins of a toddler, and those little fuckers aren't cheap.† And he's like, â€Å"Okay, you just completely creeped me out.† So I'm all, â€Å"You suck at this. Let's go get coffee and do some vamp stuff, like beat up some pimps and whatnot.† â€Å"Since when is beating up pimps a vampyre thing?† â€Å"Since I was looking for the Countess and they kept trying to recruit me because I'm am so awesome sexy that desperate losers will totally pay to do me, which is flattering and whatnot, but I still kind of feel like they would have taken advantage of me because of my youth and naivety.† â€Å"So you want to go beat them up.† â€Å"I want to try that kung-fu thing where you tear their heart out and show it to them while it's still beating. Trs macabre, non? Plus, I'll bet the look of surprise on their faces will be worth it. Did you do that when you were out slaughtering people with Chet?† â€Å"I don't remember any of that. I don't remember slaughtering people.† â€Å"That's why the pimps were trying to recruit me. You and Chet ate all their hos.† â€Å"You make it sound so sordid.† â€Å"Okay, you make eating hos sound pretty. Talk poetry to me, writer boy.† And he looks all heartbroken and whatnot. And he's like, â€Å"That's what Jody calls me.† And I'm like, â€Å"Sorry. Where do you want to look for her now?† â€Å"I don't know. What time is it?† And I look at the watch that the Countess gave me, and I'm all, â€Å"A little after one,† in my I am total poop on a stick voice. † Polk Street.† And I'm all, † Why Polk Street?† He's like, â€Å"Because I'm out of ideas and we need to resort to magic.† And I'm like, â€Å"Sweet! Let's rock the dark magic!† I was tempted to do a booty dance of total dark magic celebration, but I thought it might reveal my secret. ‘Kayso, we roll into this coffee shop on Polk Street, and it's all full of hippies and hipsters and couples on dates and drunks sobering up and whatnot. And everyone turns and looks at us. I'm about to chuck a spaz, because I realize that I haven't fixed my makeup since I bounced my face off the plywood in the love lair. So I'm all, â€Å"Tommy, psssssst, do I look like a cannibal corpse on crack?† And he stops and looks at me for a second, and he's like, â€Å"No more than usual.† And I'm all, â€Å"Do I have raccoon eyes?† And he's like, â€Å"You've kind of taken your broken clown look to the next level, with the crusted blood around your mouth. You look cute.† Flood can be very sweet for a doofus from Indiana. I felt like I had made the right decision to choose him to be my Dark Lord, even if he was only nineteen instead of five hundred. So I feel like I should say something nice back, so I'm like, â€Å"You're not as pathetic in those clothes.† Then I realize that didn't sound as nice as I liked, so I'm all, â€Å"I want a triple soy latte with type O in it while we're waiting for magic and whatnot.† And Flood is all, â€Å"She's here.† I know. I'm like, â€Å"Whaaaa?† ‘Kayso, Flood sends me for coffees and says he'll meet me at a table in the back, so when I show up, he's sitting with this ginormously fat gay guy, wearing a purple silk wizard robe with silver stars and moons on it, and his head is shaved and there's a pentagram tattooed on it, just like I drew on Ronnie's head with a Magic Marker. I know! And he has a crystal ball on his table on a stand made out of dragons, and a sign that says MADAME NATASHA, FORTUNES TOLD $5.00, ALL PROCEEDS GO TO AIDS RESEARCH. And so I come up and Flood is all, â€Å"Madame Natasha, this is my minion, Abby Normal.† And I'm all, â€Å"Enchant,† in, like, perfect fucking French. â€Å"Most fly eye-liner, Madame.† He had like spider fake lashes and glitter liner out to his ears. And Madame Natasha is all, â€Å"Oh, sweet of you to say, child. Your ensem is trs chic as well. But you should have a jacket, little thing like you could freeze in the fog.† And I'm all ready to throw down anti-mom you're-not-the-boss-of-me-talk on him, then I'm kinda okay with it. Like maybe I would get along with the Motherbot better if she were a ginormous gay guy. And I sit down next to Madame Natasha, because Flood is, like, in the client seat, and Flood's all, â€Å"Madame Natasha told my fortune when I first came to town, and said that I would meet a girl, but the death card kept coming up, so she couldn't figure it out.† Then he turns to Madame and is like, â€Å"You were right on the money, I ended up meeting a dead girl.† And Madame's all, â€Å"Oh my,† and she pulls this little fan out of one of her chins and starts fanning herself. ‘Kayso, I pull out the bag of blood and squeeze a little into my coffee, then into Flood's, and he's all, â€Å"Abby, put that away.† And I'm all, â€Å"Why?† And he's all nodding toward people, who are totally not looking at us now, but like really reading or texting hard. And he's like, â€Å"They'll freak.† And I'm like, â€Å"Oh bitch, please. They all saw my eye makeup, they saw how I'm dressed, they saw my dark and mysteriously colored hair, and they think I'm just trying to freak them out by pretending to pour blood in my coffee. So they are all furiously not freaking out so as to not give me the satisfaction because then they wouldn't be sophisticated City peeps. This is not my first funeral, Red State.† â€Å"Oh, I like her,† goes the Madame. â€Å"She's got spunk.† And Flood is like, â€Å"Okey dokey.† And I'm like, â€Å"If you keep saying ‘okey dokey' I will be forced to replace you as my Dark Lord.† And Madame is all, â€Å"It does sound a little corn-fed, love.† And Tommy is all, â€Å"Never mind how I talk. You remember, right, Madame? You remember me?† And the Madame is all â€Å"Oh, yes, yes, I do now. You were the one who had achieved Olympic levels in masturbation, weren't you?† And Flood was all, â€Å"Uh, no, that part was someone else, uh-â€Å" So, like, the master needed a hand, if you know what I mean, so I was like, â€Å"Oh chill, it's a stress thing, everyone does it. I'm flicking the bean under the table right now just to dial the tension back a little. Yes. Yes. Yes! Oh-zombie-jeebus-fuck-me-Simba-lion-king-hakuna-matata! Yes!† So I spaz-gasmed a little and kind of slid down in my seat breathing hard. Then I like look up at the Madame with one eye and I'm like, â€Å"They're freaking out now, aren't they?† And she just kind of nodded with big eyes and whatnot. So, you know, embarrassment for my Dark Lord totally diverted. But this one crusty day dweller is all looking up from his Wall Street Journal at me with a disgusted face, so I'm all, â€Å"Rawr.† And Flood looks at me. And I'm like, â€Å"Shut up, it's a thing. He shouldn't even be allowed out at night, using my dark without permission.† So I rawred Wall Street again for eavesdropping. So we sort of drank our coffee for a while and Madame looked at her cards and then, like, looked up seemed disappointed that we were still there, but Flood was on it. He's all, â€Å"The woman you told me I would meet, I met her. We live together.† And the Madame holds up her hand, which means, â€Å"shut the fuck up† in fortune-teller language. And she looks at her cards some more. Then she looks at her tip jar. Then Flood looks at me and like does the tip jar nod. So I pull a hundred out of my messenger bag and drop it in the jar. And Flood's like, â€Å"Abby!† And I'm like, â€Å"Hello, woman you love? You want to bargain hunt?† And he's all, â€Å"‘Kay.† So Madame Natasha puts down a few more cards, and goes, â€Å"A redhead.† And we're all, â€Å"Yeah.† And she's all, â€Å"She's hurt, but she's not alone.† And we're all, â€Å"Uh-huh.† And she lays out about six more cards, and she goes, â€Å"That can't be right.† And Flood is like, â€Å"If you're getting the dead thing again, that's okay, we've worked through that.† And Madame is like, â€Å"No, it's not that.† And she shuffles the cards, not cool, like a dealer, but gentle, and every which way on the table, like she's really trying to confuse the cards. Then she lays them out again. And her eyes are getting bigger as she goes-each card, bigger eyes-until she lays down the last in her pattern and she's all, â€Å"Oh my.† And we're all, â€Å"What? What?† And she's, â€Å"This has never happened, in thirty years of consulting the cards.† And we're, â€Å"What? What?† And she's, â€Å"Look.† There were fourteen cards on the table. All kinds of pictures and numbers. And I'm like, ready to go, â€Å"‘Splain, please.† But then I see what she's big eyes about. They are all the same suit. So I'm, â€Å"They're all swords.† And she's like, â€Å"Yes. I'm not sure how to even interpret this.† And I'm all, â€Å"She's hurt, she's not alone, and all the cards came up swords?† And she's, â€Å"Yes, dear, that's what I just said, but I don't know what it means.† And I'm, â€Å"I do. Can you do them again?† And I slap another hundred in her jar. And she's, â€Å"‘Kay.† Then she lays them all out again, and this time there's a lot of swords, but also other cards. And I'm, â€Å"Well?† And she's all, â€Å"In this configuration, the swords signify north, but also, the air, a sailing ship perhaps. It doesn't make sense.† And we're like, â€Å"What? What?† And she's like, â€Å"A sunken ship?† And I'm like, â€Å"It makes total sense.† And Flood is like, â€Å"It does?† And I'm like, â€Å"Stay right there, Madame. We may be back.† And Flood is like, â€Å"What? What?† And I'm all, â€Å"I forgot to tell you about the little guy with the sword.† And he's like, â€Å"You really adjust to this magical stuff fast, Abby.† And I'm like, â€Å"Are you trying to say I'm perky? Because I'm not. I'm complex.† I am. Shut up, I am. He's looking at me right now, like we should be going. Even though I am typing at awesome speed. Okay, that's it, dude, you're harshing the depth out of my literature. I'm coming. What a whiner. Gotta go. We're going to run out of dark. Byez. THE OLD ONES Makeda put on the glasses and watched the bricks at the corner of the building light up. They'd find the cats by behavior, because even vampire cats are cats, and they marked their territory. Elijah had told them where it had started and where it was likely to move. The special sunglasses, combined with their vampire vision, allowed them to see the phosphorus expelled in the cats' urine as glowing. They could even see a half-life, of sorts. Something marked days ago would glow much dimmer than something marked only a few hours ago. â€Å"That way,† said Makeda. Rolf cocked his head toward the boarded-up loft apartment on the second floor. â€Å"That's the loft where Elijah said he turned the first cat. There are people up there. Sounds like two.† â€Å"That's also where he was fried by a jacket covered with sun lights,† said Makeda. â€Å"I say we clean up the cats first, they're less tricky.† Rolf nodded to Makeda, who bolted down the alley without another word. They followed the trail, a mark here and there, many blocks until they reached the Mission, where the trail started to sunburst out. â€Å"I don't know which way to go,† said Bella. â€Å"We need to get a vantage point.† Rolf looked around and spotted the tallest building in the area. â€Å"How about that one, the one that looks like a robot pterodactyl is perched on it? He pointed to the black glass Federal Building. Makeda said, â€Å"It's an abomination.† â€Å"Said the abomination,† snarked Rolf. â€Å"I'll go. I have to go up solid, I need the glasses.† He shrugged off his overcoat and dropped his weapons on top of it. â€Å"Well go to mist if you lose your grip,† said Makeda. â€Å"I'll catch your glasses. If you fall off of that thing solid we'll have to scrape you into a bag to get you back to the ship.† He grinned, showing his fangs, then started a steady climb up the sheer corner of the building. Bella pulled a pack of cigarettes from her jacket, shook one out, lit it, then blew a long stream of smoke up after Rolf. â€Å"What if Elijah lied about turning more humans? He's lied before.† When they'd retrieved the old vampire from the City initially he'd brought along a blond vampire woman, claiming she was the only one. She hadn't survived the first month at sea. Weak vessels, they called her type. â€Å"He didn't admit turning the cat, either, until we found the news stories on the Internet.† â€Å"We need to talk to him again when we get back to the ship, if there's time.† Rolf thumped to the pavement beside them. â€Å"That way. About six blocks. There's a sunburst pattern that's centered there and spreads out ten blocks or so in every direction. I could actually see a hundred or so cats on a roof there.† â€Å"Let's go, then,† said Makeda. â€Å"That's not all,† said Rolf. â€Å"There is a group of men hunting them. Eight of them.† â€Å"How do you know they're hunting the cats?† â€Å"Because two of them lit up their coats. If I hadn't been wearing the glasses I'd be blind. They're wearing the sun jackets that Elijah warned us about.† â€Å"Well, fuck,† said Makeda. â€Å"That's eight more we have to kill.† â€Å"At least,† said Rolf. â€Å"How much time before daylight?† â€Å"Two and a half hours,† said Bella, checking her watch. â€Å"Don't we have a sniper rifle on the ship?† â€Å"Somewhere,† said Rolf. â€Å"Well, they can't turn on a sun jacket if they're dead before we're within five hundred yards.† â€Å"Messy,† said Makeda. â€Å"Bullets leave bodies.† â€Å"I'd rather have to dispose of a couple of bodies than get fried by a sun jacket,† said Bella, taking charge now. â€Å"Rolf, you and I will go after the cats. Take out as many as we can. Makeda, follow the hunters, keep your distance, see where they go, and meet us back at the ship. Tonight cats. Tomorrow night, humans.† â€Å"I hate cats,† said Makeda. â€Å"I know,† said Bella. â€Å"There's something else,† said Rolf. â€Å"There was something else on the roof with the cats. Something bigger.† â€Å"What do you mean ‘something'?† asked Makeda. â€Å"I don't know,† said Rolf, â€Å"but it wasn't putting out any heat, so it's one of us.†

Processes involved in the human kidney Essay

-Blood enters each kidney via renal artery and leaves each kidney via renal vein -Urine exists the kidney through a duct called the ureter and the uruters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder -Kidney consists of outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla -Nephron is functional unit of vertebrate kidney -Consists of single long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus -Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus -Kidney regulates the composition of the blood and produce urine -Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces water, urea, salts, and other small solutes from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule -Nonselective -Filtrate goes into proximal tube, loop of Henle (a hairpin turn with a descending limb and ascending limb) and the distal tubule -Kidney consists of cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons (only in mammals and birds) -Most of filtrate is reabsorbed back into blood; the kidneys take out about 1% -Proximal and distal tubules are the most common sites of secretion -Very selective process with both passive and active transport of solutes -Proximal, distal tubules, and loop of Henle contribute to Reabsorption -Collecting duct also helps in Reabsorption -Mammalian’s kidney’s ability to conserve water is considered an important adaptation -Antidieretic hormone is important in osmoregulation -Made in hypothalamus and released when osmolarity in blood rises above certain point -ADH acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts by increasing their permeability to water -Causes more water Reabsorption -Is turned off through negative feedback -Juxtaglomerulur apparatus located in the vicinity of the afferent arteriole, which supplies blood to the glomerulus -When blood pressure or blood volume in the afferent arteriole drops, the enzyme rennin causes chemical reactions that create a peptide called angiotensin II -Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume by constricting arterioles and decreasing blood flow to many capillaries like the kidney -Causes more salt and water reabsorption to increase blood volume -Causes release of aldosterone, which also acts on nephron’s distal tubules and helps, reabsorb more sodium and water -Negative feedback turns rennin production off -Called the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system -Atrial natriuretic factor opposes RAAS -Released by the heart in response to an increase in blood volume and pressure -Inhibits the release of rennin -Inhibits NaCl reabsorption and reduces aldosterone release from adren

Detailed Overview Of Space Shuttles Engineering Essay

aˆ? Space birds are recoverable ballistic capsule designed to be used as a launch vehicle for Earth-orbiting experiments and as a short-run research platform. Earlier projectiles were used for puting spacemans and equipments in the outer infinite. But projectiles could be used merely one time i.e. they were non reclaimable. The thought of reclaimable â€Å" infinite bird † that could be launched like projectile and made to come in the Earth ‘s ambiance like an aeroplane appealed NASA. It began planing and measuring cost of infinite bird. Finally, after many old ages of building and testing, the bird was ready to wing and the dream became truth. As we will cognize in inside informations. A ) Definition: 1 ) Etymology: â€Å" infinite bird † consists of 2 words: Space: Space ( n. ) : Century1300, â€Å" an country, extent, sweep, oversight of clip, † aphetic of Old French espace, A fromA Classical Latin spatiumA † room, country, distance, stretch of clip, † of unknown beginning. Astronomic sense of â€Å" leading deepnesss † is foremost recorded 1667 in â€Å" Paradise Lost. † â€Å" Space is n't remote at all. It ‘s merely an hr ‘s thrust off if your auto could travel consecutive upwards. † [ Sir Fred Hoyle, â€Å" London Observer, † 1979 ] Space ( v. ) : 1703, â€Å" to set up at set intervals, † fromA spaceA ( n. ) . Meaning â€Å" to be in a province of drug-induced euphory † is recorded from 1968.A Space cadetA † bizarre individual disconnected with world † ( frequently connoting an familiarity with hallucinogenic drugs ) is a 1960s phrase, likely traceable to 1950s United States sci-fi telecasting plan â€Å" Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, † which was watched by many kids who dreamed of turning up to be one and succeeded. Shuttlecock: Shuttle ( n. ) : Old English scytelA † a dart, pointer, † from West Germanic skutilaz ( Old Norse skutillA † harpoon † ) from Proto-Germanic skut-A † undertaking † . The weaving instrument so called ( 1338 ) from being â€Å" shooting † across the togss. In some other linguistic communications, the machine takes its name from its resemblance to a boat ( Classical Latin navicula, Gallic navette, German weberschiff ) . Sense of â€Å" train that runs back and Forth † is foremost recorded 1895, from image of the weaver ‘s instrument ‘s back-and-forth motion over the deflection ; extended to aircraft 1942, to spacecraft 1969. Hence alsoA shuttlecockA ( 1522 ) . Shuttle ( v. ) : 1550, â€Å" move quickly to and fro, † fromA shuttleA ( n. ) ; sense of â€Å" conveyance via a shuttle service † is recorded from 1930.2 ) Definition:There are many definitions for â€Å" infinite bird † :â€Å" a rocket-launched ballistic capsule able to set down like an unpowered aircraft, used for journeys between Earth and trade revolving the Earth. †Ã¢â‚¬Å" A reclaimable ballistic capsule with wings for controlled descent in the ambiance, designed to transport spacemans between Earth and an orbiting infinite station and besides used to deploy and recover orbiters. †Ã¢â‚¬Å" A infinite transit system ( STS ) developed by NASA. Consisting of a reclaimable, winged satellite ( what most people think of as the â€Å" Space Shuttle † ) , a set of recoverable supporter projectiles, and a fuel armored combat vehicle. †B ) What is infinite bird?We can state it is any vehicle capable of going repeatedly between the Earth â⠂¬Ëœs surface and outer infinite transporting people or lading ; Any vehicle capable of repeatedly going between finishs in outer infinite transporting people or lading1 ) Space trade:It is a trade or machine designed for space travel. Spacecraft are used for a assortment of intents, including communications, earth observation, weather forecasting, pilotage, planetal geographic expedition and infinite touristry. Spacecraft and infinite travel are common subjects in plants of scientific discipline fiction.a ) Space bird:The Space Shuttle, portion of the Space Transportation System ( STS ) , and it is the chief portion of this trade, Space Shuttle on NASA ‘s America, which is officially called Space Transportation System ( STS ) , is the ballistic capsule is used by the Government of the United States manned infinite flight, is scheduled to be withdrawn from service in 2010. At launch, the shuttle consists of: * External fuel armored combat vehicle is orange in colour. A * Rockets to force two solid-fuel, thin white supremacists and the SRB. * The satellite, which is a vehicle similar to the aircraft wing, which represents the infinite bird can transport heavy equipment into infinite, every bit good as transporting orbiter launched into infinite. The bird can be transferred spacemans to outer infinite and convey them back to Earth with a warhead of up to 32 dozenss of unreal orbiters and worlds and equipment. One of the chief advantages of this vehicle is that it is reclaimable vehicle.B ) Satellite:A orbiter is an object which has been placed into orbit by human enterprise. Such objects are sometimes called unreal orbiters to separate them from natural orbiters such as the Moon. The first unreal orbiter, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. By 2010 1000s of orbiters have been launched into orbit around the Earth. These originate from more than 50 states and have used the orbiter establishing capablenesss of 10 states. A few hundred orbiters are presently operational, whereas 1000s of fresh orbiters and orbiter fragments orbit the Earth as infinite dust. A few infinite investigations have been placed into orbit around other organic structures and go unreal orbiters to the Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Satellites are used for a big figure of intents. Common types include military and civilian Earth observation orbiters, communications orbiters, pilotage orbiters, conditions orbiters, and research orbiters. Space Stationss and human ballistic capsule in orbit are besides orbiters. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the intent of the orbiter, and are classified in a figure of ways. Well-known ( overlapping ) categories include low Earth orbit, polar orbit, and geostationary orbit. Satellites are normally semi-independent computing machine controlled systems. Satellite subsystems attend many undertakings, such as power coevals, thermic control, telemetry, attitude control and orbit control.degree Celsius ) Rockets:A projectile or projectile vehicle is a missile, ballistic capsule, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains push by chuck outing a jet of fast traveling fluid from a projectile engine. The action of the fluid against the interior of burning Chamberss and enlargement noses is able to speed up the fluid to highly high velocity, and this exerts a big reactive push on the projectile ( an equal and opposite reaction harmonizing to Newton ‘s 3rd jurisprudence ) .Rockets, in military and recreational utilizations, day of the month back to at least the thirteenth century. Significant scientific, interplanetary and industrial usage did non happen until the twentieth century, when rocketry was the enabling engineering of the Space Age, including puting pe s on the Moon. Rockets are used for pyrotechnics, arms, expulsion seats, launch vehicles for unreal orbiters, human space travel and geographic expedition of other planets. While relatively inefficient for low velocity usage, they are really lightweight and powerful, capable of bring forthing big accelerations and of achieving highly high velocities with sensible efficiency. Chemical projectiles are the most common type of projectile and they typically create their fumes by the burning of projectile propellent. Chemical projectiles store a big sum of energy in an easily-released signifier, and can be really unsafe. However, careful design, proving, building and usage minimizes hazards.vitamin D ) Automatons:Robot of the infinite is a mechanical device able to transport out operations of pre-programmed and command the public presentation are normally hard and unsafe Activities such as seeking for revelation of the ambiance and gaining control images of infinite, infinite land and the universe of mod ern engineering serves.after a batch of the design of the technology, applied scientists succeeded in doing a automaton can swim in infinite. The automaton has unreal intelligence and have the ability to acknowledge Patterns, place systems, concluding and decision with the development.They can travel, talk and have ability to gaining control and transportation of objects. the head of automaton transportation the computing machine signal to information, it can transport them out, so change over them to computing machine once more it has ability to change over audio signals are captured by a mike to a group of written words that the automaton understood and stored in a package of automaton that can analysis and simulation to understand natural linguistic communication.C ) Use:1 ) Advantages of infinite birds:infinite bird has ability to research the infinite by traveling spacemans to the surface of Moon to profit their societies. Peoples have begun to cognize about infinite and astronomical intents.that have made it possible to detect mountains and craters on the Moon and planets Has proceeded so far more work forces on the Moon, and completed a broad scope of remote-controlled missions to the Moon and several planets. Discovered during the past 10 old ages entirely more than 150 planets outside our solar system. on planet of Earth, universe citizens have reaped tremendous benefits from infinite geographic expedition through infinite bird that support communicating, pilotage and meteoric systems, in add-on to other distant detection. And contributed to the engineering associated with infinite geographic expedition and scientific cognition had been gained in the industry of reckoners and robotic first-class public presentation, provinces are active in the field of infinite flight has been sent ballistic capsule mechanism other than worlds to all the planets in our solar system. We expect that humans walking on the Moon once more.The infinite bird encompass 11 infinite bird flights to infinite through scientific experiments conducted in the station, to better life on Earth and pave the manner for future infinite geographic expedition. the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and its secondary warhead, the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, from the United States. Involve all of those flights on some international cooperation.2 ) Disadvantages of infinite birds:Each infinite bird flight destroys 0.25 % of the ozone bed, the people in the remainder of the universe are now reasoning abou t the assorted theories that attempt to explicate the causes of the ozone hole, infinite bird flights destroy the ozone bed, The 300 flight of the bird will take to the devastation of the ozone bed wholly and so infinite bird missions, which releases immense measures of toxic chemicals in every second from the minute of launch, the usage of liquid-fuel engine cleansing agent in the missiles because they are more expensive than the dry-fuel engines. In add-on, there is besides the hazard of Damage on the land, if debris re-entry into Earth ‘s ambiance.II ) HistoryA ) Space history1 ) Space theories:Galileo Galilei ( 1564- 1642 ) is a physicist and uranologist who was born in Pisa, Italy. Galileo made a large part in the field of uranology. Galileo made the first complete astronomical telescope, discovered that the Moon is dark but it is reflecting with a reflected visible radiation from the Sun, he discovered that the surface of the Moon is n't level, it has uneven mountains, h e besides discovered that the Milky Way consist of many separate stars. Galileo discovered the four largest orbiters of Jupiter in 1610, he studied the egg-shaped form of Saturn but his telescope restriction stopped him from the resolution of Saturn ‘s rings. He besides discovered the stages of Venus, the musca volitanss on the Sun and he confirmed his credence of the Copernican theory of the solar system2 ) The dream became true:The development of big liquid-fueled projectile engines in the first of the twentieth century allowed the dream of researching the outer infinite to go true. Physical infinite geographic expedition happened through both human space travels and robotic ballistic capsules. Space geographic expedition helped in progressing scientific research, unifying many states, developing military advantages, and guaranting the future endurance of humanity.B ) Detecting SpaceDuring the World War II, German scientists took the first stairss into the outer infinite while proving theV2 projectile, the V2 projectile became the first human-mad e object in infinite. After the war, German scientists began to do projectiles in plans for military and civilian research. The cosmic radiation experiment which was launched by the U.S. on a V2 projectile in 1946 was the first scientific geographic expedition. In the same twelvemonth the first images of Earth was taken. In 1947, the first carnal experiment was achieved by raising fruit flies into infinite on a modified V2 projectile that was launched by Americans. But these experiments merely made a really short clip in infinite which was n't utile plenty. There was a infinite race between the Soviet Union and the United provinces. The Soviet Sputnik Satellite mission in 1957 was the first successful orbital launch, it went around the Earth at a tallness of 250 kilometer. It had two wireless senders which made bleeps that could be heard by wirelesss around the Earth. The wireless signals analysis was used to garner information about the negatron denseness of the ionosphere. Two months subsequently, the American infinite plan unsuccessfully tried to establish Vanguard 1 into orbit. In 1958, the U.S. successfully launched Explorer 1 on a Juno projectile, while the Soviet Canis familiaris Laika became the first animate being in the infinite in 1957. In 1961, Vostok 1 which carried the 27 old ages old Russian Yuri Gagarin, was the first successful human space travel. The ballistic capsule orbited the universe in 1 hr and 48 proceedingss. It was a presentation of the advanced Soviet infinite plan. Yuri Gagarin After one month, the U.S. launched a individual into infinite in Mercury-Redstone 3, John Glenn ‘s Mercury-Atlas 6. The first adult female in the infinite was Valentina Tereshkova who orbited the Earth 48 times in 1963. 48 old ages after Vostok 6, China launched Yang Liwei in Shenzhou 5 ballistic capsule.C ) Space Shuttle DevelopmentNear the terminal of the Apollo infinite plan, NASA functionaries were looking to the American infinite plan ‘s hereafter. They were utilizing one-shot, disposable projectiles. They needed something that was cheaper than a projectile, possibly something that was reclaimable. They liked the thought of a reclaimable â€Å" infinite bird † that could establish like a projectile and land like an aeroplane, and they thought that it would be a proficient accomplishment. NASA and many aerospace companies began to plan, cost and applied scientist surveies on a infinite bird, they besides explored the constructs. In 1972, President Nixon announced that NASA would develop a reclaimable infinite bird or STS ( infinite transit system ) . NASA decided that the infinite bird would dwell of an satellite attached to a solid projectile supporters and an external fuel armored combat vehicle. By that clip, ballistic capsules used ablative heat shields that would fire away when the ballistic capsule re-enter the Earth ‘s ambiance, so, for the infinite bird to be reclaimable, they have to utilize a different scheme. The interior decorators of the infinite bird thought that they can cover the infinite bird with many insulating ceramic tiles that could absorb the heat of the infinite shuttle re-entry without harming the spacemans. The infinite bird was meant to wing like a plane, more like a sailplane during the landing. The interior decorators built a working satellite to prove the aerodynamic design, but it was n't built to travel into the outer infinite. That satellite was called the Enterprise after the â€Å" Star Trek † film spaceship. The Enterprise flew many flight and landing trials, where it was launched from a Boeing 747 and glided to a landing at Edwards Air Forse Base in California. Finally, after many old ages of building and proving including the satellite, chief engines, external fuel armored combat vehicle and solid projectile supporters, the bird was ready to wing and travel into the outer infinite. NASA made four birds which are â€Å" Columbia † , â€Å" Discovery † , â€Å" Atlantis † and â€Å" Challenger † .D ) Trips and Catastrophes:In 1981 was the first flight with a infinite bird â€Å" Colombia † . Astronauts â€Å" John Young † and â€Å" Robert Crippen † piloted the infinite bird Colombia. Colombia performed good and the other birds shortly made several successful flights. In 1986, the bird â€Å" Challenger † exploded in a flight and the whole crew was lost. NASA stopped the shuttle plan for several old ages, while the grounds of the Challenger catastrophe were unknown and being investigated. After many old ages, the infinite bird flew once more and NASA built a new bird â€Å" Endeavour † to replace â€Å" Challenger † the shuttle fleet. In 2003, while the shuttle â€Å" Colombia † was re-entering the Earth ‘s ambiance, it broke up over Texas, the United States. The loss of Colombia was because of a piece of foam insularity in the size of a briefcase broke off the infinite shuttle external armored combat vehicle under the aerodynamic forces of launch. The debris struck the taking border of the left wing, that damaged the bird ‘s TPS, which protect the bird from the heat of re-entering the Earth ‘s ambiance. NASA stopped the infinite bird plan after the accident and worked difficult to do some alterations and return the birds to wing once more. The exact words of the President George W. Bush were: â€Å" This twenty-four hours has brought awful intelligence and great unhappiness to our countryA †¦ The â€Å" Columbia † is lost ; there are no subsisters. † And he announced that the infinite plan would go on: â€Å" The cause in which they died will go on. Our journey into infinite will travel on. † In 2006, the bird â€Å" Discovery † lost froth from its external fuel armored combat vehicle. NASA stopped the infinite bird plan once more and the scientists struggled to work out the job. The â€Å" Discovery † was launched two times in 2006, the first clip was in July and once more in December, harmonizing to NASA, this launch was the most photographed shuttle mission in history. The â€Å" Atlantis † was launched in September 2006, after hold due to endure, a job with the fuel cell and a faulty detector reading. The infinite birds are a antic technological progress, but they are limited when it comes to how much warhead they can take into orbit. The birds are n't the heavy lift vehicles like the Saturn V or the Delta projectiles. The bird ca n't travel to high heights orbits or get away the gravitative field of the Earth to go to Mars or the Moon. NASA is presently researching and seeking a new constructs to establish vehicles which van travel to the Moon or Mars.The â€Å" Colombia † CrewIII ) How does infinite shuttle work?A ) Space bird theorySpace bird theory is about get rid of gravitation by acquiring on a velocity of the similar velocity to get away from the ambiance. It is a Complex to cognize how to raise the 4.5 million lb ( 2.05 million kilogram ) bird from the tablet to revolve ( 115 to 400 miles/185 to 643 kilometers ) above the Earth.B ) Taking off and set downingaˆ? Taking off: On the twenty-four hours of a launch, after the concluding clasp in the countdown at T minus 9 proceedingss, the Shuttle goes through its concluding readyings for launch, and the countdown is automatically controlled by the Ground Launch Sequencer ( GLS ) , package at the Launch Control Center, which stops the count if it senses a critical job with any of the Shuttle ‘s on-board systems. The GLS hands off the count to the Shuttle ‘s on-board computing machines at T minus 31 seconds, in a procedure called car sequence start. aˆ? Landing: When a mission is finished and the bird is midway around the universe from the set downing site ( Kennedy Space Center, Edwards Air Force Base ) , mission control gives the bid to come place, which prompts the crew to: 1-Close the lading bay doors. In most instances, they have been winging nose-first and upside down, so they so fire the RCS pushers to turn the satellite tail foremost. 2-Once the satellite is tail foremost, the crew fires the OMS engines to decelerate the satellite down and fall back to Earth ; it will take about 25 proceedingss before the bird reaches the upper ambiance. 3-During that clip, the crew fires the RCS pushers to flip the satellite over so that the underside of the satellite faces the ambiance ( about 40 grades ) and they are traveling nose foremost once more. 4-Finally, they burn left over fuel from the forward RCS as a safety safeguard because this country encounters the highest heat of re-entry.C ) Inside control:When we are speaking about the inside control we know instantly that the spaceman is a really of import individual to command the bird, and is a individual trained by a human space travel plan to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a ballistic capsule. While by and large reserved for professional infinite travellers.IV ) Space shuttle constituents:A ) Outside:1 ) Space Shuttle Tank:a ) External Tank:Is vehicle that contains two liquids are hydrogen fuel and O oxidant. During acclivity it supplies the fuel and oxidant under force per unit area to the three infinite bird chief engines, external armored combat vehicles have non been re-used. The ET is the anchor of the bird during launch, supplying strong support for fond regard with the SRBs ( solid projectile supporters ) and satellite. This armored combat vehicle connected to the satellite and the SRBs. Over the old ages, NASA has worked to cut down the weight of the ET to increase overall efficiency. LOX ( Liquid Oxygen Tank ) : is at the top of the ET ( external armored combat vehicle ) , its Length: ( 16.6A m ) – Diameter: ( 8.4A m ) . LH2 ( Liquid Hydrogen Tank ) : is at the underside of the external armored combat vehicle, The armored combat vehicle is constructed of four cylindrical barrel subdivisions, the barrel subdivisions are joined together by five major pealing frames, the LH2 armored combat vehicle has a volume of 53,488A three-dimensional pess ( 1,514.6A M3 ) . its Length: ( 29.6A m ) – Diameter: ( 8.4A m ) . ET thermic protection system: consists chiefly of sprayed-on froth insularity, Thermal isolators are required for liquid H armored combat vehicle fond regards to prevent the liquefaction of air on open metal, and to cut down heat flow into the liquid H. Development of the ETs thermic protection system has been so difficult consisted of a battery power beginning, a receiving system, aerials and munition.B ) Internal:it joins the LOX armored combat vehicle and the HL2 armored combat vehicle. The internal armored combat vehicle length is ( 6.9A m ) , diameter is ( 8.4A m )2 ) Two projectiles:Those are called SRBs ( Solid Rocket Booster ) used during the first two proceedingss of powered flight, SRBs provide the chief push to raise the bird off the up to an height of about 46A kilometers, the two SRBs carry the weight of the external armored combat vehicle and satellite and convey the weight burden, the SRBs are the largest solid-propellant motors of all time flown, each SRB weighs about 1,300,000 lbs at launch. SRBs constituents are: keep down stations, electrical power distribution, hydraulic power units, thrust vector control, rate gyro assemblies, and propellent.3 ) The organic structure:is the orbital ballistic capsule of the Space Shuttle plan, the satellite is a reclaimable winged â€Å" ballistic capsule † , the ballistic capsule can transport crews, the Orbiter looks like an aircraft with double-delta wings. The Orbiter ‘s crew cabin consists of three degrees: the flight deck, the mid-deck, and the public-service corporation country. The upper 1 is the flight deck which seats the pilot, with two mission specializers behind them. The mid-deck, which is below the flight deck, has three more seats for the remainder of the crew members, and the galley, lavatory, sleep locations, and storage cabinets besides on the mid-deck. The Thermal Protection System ( TPS ) covers the exterior of the Orbiter, protecting it from the cold soak of -121 A °C in infinite to the 1649 A °C heat. The satellite is made chiefly from aluminum metal, although the engine push construction is made from Ti metal. Its length: ( 37.24 m ) – tallness: ( 17.25 m ) – empty weight: ( 68,585 kilogram ) . The crew: ( 6-7 â€Å" Commander, Pilot, 4-5 Mission Specialists and/or Payload Specialists † , 2 â€Å" Commander and Pilot † for lower limit ) .V ) Manufacturing infinite birdVI ) Latest events:Finally allow us turn to the latest events of infinite birds and the latest intelligence, engineerings, trips aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..A ) Latest intelligence:Discovery: In 19/4/2010 The infinite bird Discovery and its spacemans arrived back on Earth, A wrapping up a 15-day, 6 million-mile journey to the International Space Station, taking a rare flight way that carried them over America ‘s heartland.A Discovery commanding officer Alan Poindexter and pilot James Dutton guided the trade, set downing on Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center around 9:08 ante meridiem ET.A The sky over NASA ‘s Florida landing strip cleared plenty at dawn to give Mission Control the assurance to convey the seven spacemans place. An hr before the scheduled 9:08 ante meridiem touchdown, commanding officer Poindexter and his copilot fired the braking projectiles and began their descent.A It was Discovery ‘s thirty-eighth flight and penultimate flight.A Atlantis: Atlantis bird has made 31 flights and now is being prepared for the following flight. Space shuttle Atlantis was moved to the launch tablet in 22/4/2010 inA readying for the STS-132 mission, targeted for launch May 14 at 2:19 p.m.B ) Latest engineerings:â€Å" Lockheed X-33 Launch Vehicle † A is the paradigm for the new infinite bird to be used by NASA in the twenty-first century. Developed a usage Field-Programmable-Gatearray ( FPGA ) utilizing the verilog linguistic communication for an Advanced Flight Experiment. When commanded, this FPGA reads informations from the Advanced Gyro, Accelerometers, and Temperature detectors, so transmits the information back to the flight computing machine. Through the usage of the raising organic structure form, composite liquid fuel armored combat vehicles, and the aerospike engine, A NASAA andA Lockheed MartinA hoped to prove wing a trade that would show the viability of aA single-stage-to-orbitA ( SSTO ) design. An SSTO trade would non necessitate external fuel armored combat vehicles or supporters to make low-earth orbit. Making off with the demand for â€Å" presenting † with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo projectiles, would take to an inherently more dependable and safer infinite launch vehicle. While the X-33 would non near airplane-like safety, the X-33 would try to show that 0.997 dependability, or 3 bad lucks out of 1,000 launches, which would be an order of magnitude more dependable than the Space Shuttle system, was accomplishable. The 15 planned experimental X-33 flights could merely get down this statistical rating.