Reflect on my roles as student in the university based on Gibbs theory Essay

1.1 Introduction: Reflective practice is â€Å"the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning†, which, according to the originator of the term, is â€Å"one of the defining characteristics of professional practice†, Schà ¶n, D. (1983) Reflective practice can be an important tool in practice-based professional learning settings where individuals learning from their own professional experiences, rather than from formal teaching or knowledge transfer, may be the most important source of personal professional development and improvement. I am going to reflect on my roles as student In the university, The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Graham Gibbs discussed the use of structured debriefing to facilitate the reflection involved in Kolb’s â€Å"experiential learning cycle†. He presents the stages of a full structured debriefing as follows: (Initial experience) Description: â€Å"What happened? Don’t make judgments yet or try to draw conclusions; simply describe.† Feelings: â€Å"What were your reactions and feelings? Again don’t move on to analysing these yet.† Evaluation: â€Å"What was good or bad about the experience? Make value judgements.† Analysis: â€Å"What sense can you make of the situation? Bring in ideas from outside the experience to help you.† â€Å"What was really going on?† â€Å"Were different people’s experiences similar or different in important ways?† Conclusions (general): â€Å"What can be concluded, in a general sense, from these experiences and the analyses you have undertaken?† Conclusions (specific): â€Å"What can be concluded about your own specific, unique, personal situation or way of working?† Personal action plans: â€Å"What are you going to do differently in this type of situation next time?† â€Å"What steps are you going to take on the basis of what you have learnt?† Gibbs, G. (1998), Gibbs, G. (2001). Gibbs’ suggestions are often cited as Gibbs’ reflective cycle or Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988), and simplified into the following six distinct stages: Description 1.2 Why is reflective practice so important? Reflective practice is important for everyone – and nurses in particular – for a number of reasons. First, nurses are responsible for providing care to the best of their ability to patients and their families . They need to focus on their knowledge, skills and behaviour to ensure that they are able to meet the demands made on them by this commitment. Second, reflective practice is part of the requirement for nurses constantly to update professional skills. Keeping a portfolio offers considerable opportunity for reflection on ongoing development. Annual reviews enable nurses to identify strengths and areas of opportunity for future development. Third, nurses should consider the ways in which they interact and communicate with their colleagues. The profession depends on a culture of mutual support. Nurses should aim to become self-aware, self-directing and in touch with their environment . They can only achieve this goal if they make full use of opportunities to gain feedback on their impact on patients, patients’ families, their colleagues and the organization as a whole. Gaining this feedback involves using complex skills in detecting patterns, making connections, and making appropriate choices. Reflective practice enables nurses to develop their skills, increase their knowledge, and deal with emotionally challenging situations. Developing my reflective practice early on in your education will pay dividends on every clinical placement I undertake, building a strong foundation for a successful career in nursing. Developing reflective practice involves asking myself what worked, what didn’t, and what you would change for a better outcome in a particular situation. By effectively assessing my own and other’s practice, I will gain new skills and knowledge as a nurse. A vital part of the reflective process is to plan for changes in your behavior. One way to tackle this is to adopt the creative thinking strategy devised by Walt Disney. He had three stages to his strategy, based on different characters, each of which surfaced at appropriate points in the process of creating new projects. These three characters were: The Dreamer. This character looks towards ideas for the future. The main focus is on how the imagined future feels and looks. In this phase, people say: ‘I wish†¦ What if†¦? Just imagine if†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The Realist. This character is action-oriented, looking at how the dream can be turned into a practical, workable plan or project given the existing constraints and realities. The realist weighs up all the possibilities, asking: ‘How can I†¦? Have I enough time to†¦?’ The Critic. This character is very logical and looks for the whys and why nots to a given situation. The critic evaluates the plan, looking for potential problems and missing links, and says: ‘That’s not going to work because†¦ What happens when†¦?’ Effective planning of personal learning requires a synthesis of these different processes. The dreamer is needed in order to form new ideas and goals. The realist is necessary as a means of transforming these ideas into concrete expressions. The critic is necessary as a filter for refining ideas and avoiding possible problems 2.1 reflect on my roles as student in the university based on Gibbs theory: First stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of my roles as student: Only one week before coming to Malaysia my husband and I celebrated our wedding. A wedding transforms both men and women. For whatever reason, spouses begin to talk each other for granted. It is probably because they know that will be together until death do us part. I really believe that even great marriages have terrible years, so bad that you are just tempted to give up. And do not. Hold on. There will come a time when you will look back on this moment as the prelude to something fuller and richer than you have ever experienced (from the movie â€Å"hope springs†) A relationship is like a house. When a light bulb burns out, you do not go out and buy a new house, you change the light bulb. It was very difficult for both of us (my husband and I) to start our marriage life in foreign country without any family support, learning and studying English with a lot of changes in our roles. I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings: As student in university I should try to respects the safety and well-being of other people in the learning experience, recognizing my knowledge, skills and abilities, limits of responsibilities, legislative authority and supervision requirements. Understanding and clarifying my roles. Use clear, accurate and effective communication skill in professional interactions, identifying my needs as student, I should try to identify my responsibility and try to improve my ability and quality of my objectives. Becomes familiar with and follows the agency’s policies, procedures and principles. On top of these I should try to cope myself with the new situation as student how live in the multicultural country with different cultures, languages, foods, climate condition, even driving direction and roles. My mother tongue is Persian then Kurdish, the educational system in Iran is very different with here for example most of the time we study Persian text, for the first time it was very difficult for me to study the English text. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and requires the reflector to with state what was good and bad about the event. By living in Malaysia I can choose more suitable education methods for myself because there are more options. The course and teaching methods are quite different from my country. Secondly, I can improve my foreign language furthermore I can contact with others. Thirdly, it helps me to promote the mutual understanding of between my mother land and other destination countries. It gives me this opportunity to exchange information with the locals. I can get better understanding of the destination countries. Similarly, the locals also can get more clear recognition about other countries. On the other hand Believing in certain values and traditions when you are in a country which has the opposite ideals, can sometimes cause stress. Being far from my country and families, trying to cope with the climate and geographical area, trying the new foods and tastes, having allergy to some of foods and products, learning English and try to communicate with other people with English language, high cost of living and studying are the most difficulties of studying in Malaysia. Stage four of Gibbs (1988) is an analysis of the event, where Gibbs encourages the reflector to make sense of the situation. When I first time came to Malaysia I have experienced the cultural shock. Just as it took time to adjust to a different culture when I arrived here. I experience these kinds of symptoms: Restlessness The coping skills and strategies that were successful help me to adjust to my host culture are: Get involved Identify a support group of other study abroad students Suspend judgment until you understand a situation Always, always keep a sense of humor Because of different in geographical area the air pressure in Malaysia is lower than Iran thus the amount of oxygen is lower. Because of these matters After 2 days of arriving to Malaysia I had a severe headache and I was extremely sleepy I try to visit a doctor, she recommend me to do regular exercise. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I really glad to have this chance to study in Malaysia and especially in university of Malaya, gaining an incredible experience and having international friends are the most important things which I have acquired by studying in Malaysia. By living in multicultural society I have this chance to expose to other cultures and learn about them. This leads to respect to other people and adapt to each other. I learn how to improve my talents and passions. I learn to develop tolerance for everything and eventually acceptance. In general being a student in university of Malaysia help me to balance myself and cope myself with my new roles as a wife and students in the university. 3.1 Conclusion In conclusion my reflection skills have developed through the production of this assignment. Using a model of reflection has helped me to structure my thoughts and feelings appropriately. My level of awareness concerning evidence based practice, and its importance, has been enhanced with the use of critical reflection. My competence has been further developed and I now feel that my personal and professional development is progressing. Using this reflective model has helped me to realize that my learning is something which I must be proactive in. Furthermore as a student nurse I have recognized that reflection is an important learning tool in practice. I realized that Reflective practice is the process of developing new Insights through self awareness and critical reflection upon experiences both in the moment and from past experiences. Reflection is a remarkable learning tool, research methodology, and leadership strategy to gain clarity of inner beliefs and enhance the art of being present in the moment. References: Gibbs, G. (2001). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods [monograph online]. Reproduced by the Geography Discipline Network. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development, Oxford Polytechnic. London: Further Education Unit. ISBN 1-85338-071-7. Section 4.3.5 Schà ¶n, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner, How Professionals Think In Action, Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-06878-2.a

Religion & Historical Background of Young Goodman Brown Essay

There are times when religion and innocence are questioned. Some people may argue that heritage can be a deciding factor in how religion can play a major role in how we view one another. The story Young Goodman Brown was the outcome of Hawthorne’s experience through his young adulthood, which was heavily impacted by the historical background of his family. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to a family of Puritan colonists. Hawthorne’s paternal distant grandfather, John Hathorne, whom was a judge in the Salem Witch Trials, troubled Nathaniel so much, that he added the W to his last name to separate himself from the family. 1 Some readers could argue after reading this story, knowing the history of the Salem Witch Trials, and knowing things about Nathaniel Hawthorne, he showed the hypocrisy of the Puritan faith through the events that happened throughout the story. One example of how Hawthorne’s heritage, specifically the background of the â€Å"judge,† played a role in the story through events that occurred, was at the beginning of the story when Brown, the main character, met with the traveler, also known as the â€Å"devil,† and discovered that the devil had possibly been affiliated with his family. 2 Brown stated in the story that he was â€Å"surprised that his family had never spoken of this, because if rumor had made its way to the town that the family was affiliated with the devil, they would have cast them from New England,† just as the individuals in the Salem Witch Trials were hanged, because they were believed to be affiliated with the devil, and using the Devil’s Magic. Hawthorne used his experience with the Puritan background in the story, with the description of the woods as being a dark place, portraying that the â€Å"woods† is where the devil resided, and that the â€Å"woods† is where evil deeds took place.3 Hawthorne also used the sounds of the creaking of trees, the howling of wild beasts, and the yell of Indians that Brown heard, as another way to show that evil resided in the woods. The Puritans’ belief was that the devil was responsible for every evil deed that took place, whether it was through witchcraft, or through rituals thought to be satanic.5 An example of this was the ritual that the devil performed towards the end of the story to try and convert Brown and his wife from the Puritan belief.6 Another example of how Hawthorne’s heritage and the Puritan belief were  portrayed in the story, was shown when Brown was describing his opinion of Goody Cloyse, and of his father. He stated in the story that he was surprised that Goody was in the woods, especially at night. Brown made the statement, â€Å"A marvel, truly that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at nightfall.† Brown had also made a comment earlier in the story about his father being honest and a good Christian by stating, â€Å"My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs.† Brown thought highly of both of his father and fellow acquaintance, Goody, and believed they were both strong in their faith. Whether or not all the events that took place throughout the story were a dream or reality for Brown, Hawthorne used the devil’s ritual to reveal that even the good Puritan townspeople that Brown thought were superior than he, are apt to commit sin. Hawthorne also showed that religion can play a role in how we view one another. Works Cited (1) Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. New England: New England Magazine, 1835. Pgs. 1131-1141 in Making Literature Matter (2) Blumberg, Jess. â€Å"A Brief History of The Salem Witch Trials.† Smithsonian.com: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html, 2007. (3) White, Ellen Brooks. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Salem.† Miscellany: Life and Literature: http://allthingsliterary.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/nathaniel-hawthornes-salem/, 2012-2013.

Like dove and serpent

Brief SummaryThe article depicts the life of an imprisoned priest, Edicio de la Torre, while he was involve with a Christian movement for national liberation in the Philippines under the regime of autocratic leader, President Ferdinand Marcos. His passion for human rights work continued even after he was released from prison that set him off to leave the priesthood.The Priest has made public his idealism through the interview with the representatives from Mennonite Central Committee; Earl Martin, Dave Schrock-Shenk, and Brenda Stoltzfus. The disclosure of his experience, ideas and outlook in life was impelled by three guide questions that encouraged him to freely express his position in some circumstantial events involving the helpless victims suffering from the ruthless governance.When he was asked the first question on how did he survive being imprisoned for nine years, and how did his faith help him, he humbly affirmed that it was his faith that helped him survived. But, he furthe r elucidate that it was his perseverance in living that encourages him to stay focus in order to help the people that seek his assistance even he is in prison. He has accordingly, extended inspirational or counsel or even technical advices to the people that worth him the living. He remained steadfast being part of the movement, even he is in prison.The second question being asked to the priest is about the need for reconciliation in Philippine society and what is necessary for reconciliation considering that Marcos has fallen.   The priest answered citing that reconciliation is quite a problem.   Accordingly, it is difficult to handle reconciliation that demands justice. It might be easy for the oppressor or for the human rights violators to ask forgiveness, but for the victims, it’s not just simply to â€Å"forgive and forget,† it’s a challenge to find the divine grace to forgive. He cited that if a military man is asking for forgiveness from the family of the people he killed, then, he has to be genuinely repentant and initiate restitution and offer penance. With that, just reconciliation could be attained assuring or safeguarding mental, human and Christian values, and acknowledging realities of human wickedness and deceitfulness.The priest calls it as biblical politics which reflects simplicity of heart, like a dove, and assessing the deviousness and intricate ways of human mind, like a serpent. Accordingly, it is the problem of any movement to be both simple and forgiving and at the same time politically clever and cautious to live within a historical world.   The priest further stated that something should happen in the Philippines where reconciliation with justice will be realized, just like what Gandhi of India has proposed for a repentant Indian who set fire a Muslim house and roasted the people there, to raise a Muslim orphaned baby.   This has to be done on an individual basis, but for those who are in the movement, it is not easy to do it and it is also hard on the social and political level. Genuine reconciliation is accordingly, hard to attain with so many victimized people grieving family members who suffered cruelty.The third question on what reflections could the priest would offer on liberation and the movement for democracy in the Philippines after spending nine years in prison and much work in the movement, was   accordingly hard for him. He expressed regret for being with the complicated situation that requires one to be modest and less dogmatic. The priest thought that liberation was just simply witnessing that the sinful world had been redeemed and that God has promised the kingdom.   But, it is accordingly, more than that, everyone should contribute something and should work together to create a better world, a better earth.   It requires full commitment of oneself using resources, skills, strengthens and even weaknesses to claim a part of historical moment where each one could recollect and reaffirm commitments.Finally, the priest did not see anymore himself in traditional or institutional ministry. He has change his vocation, he has see more meaning and the need to be with the people’s movement as a fulfilling task to be part of historical and popular movement toward the coming of the kingdom.Reflection and Relevance to Today’s SocietyGod has given everyone the right to chose what is good and what is bad. Hence, we have to respect the decision of the priest (Edicio de la Torre), in choosing to join the movement and deny his priesthood for the sake of helping the struggle of the many Filipino people who are victims of injustice, social and political oppression, and economic deprivation. Being radical with the movement is the best way for him to help the people than working in traditional institution, in which he implies that it is not enough to evangelize and witness the word of God, but to actually release the people from the bandage of per secution manipulated by oppressors.On the other hand, there had been so many Filipino priests like Fr. Edicio de la Torre, who had changed their vocation (as priest) and joined liberation movements. But their struggle for better future and better world is in vain, some have died along the way. However, this does not stop the struggle, instead, encourages the movement to go on.ConclusionSocietal problems are manipulation of the forces in the dark. Everyone should be aware that the power of darkness wants dominion over the whole world. The problems in the Philippines, whether social, political, economic and even religious are likewise the kind of problems presently faced by the whole world. Solving these problems and healing wounds could be done by addressing the root causes of the problem in a wise and humble way, not using force or rebellious act. As what God has promised; blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children of God, and blessed are they that hunger and thi rst after justice, for they shall have their fill. Lastly, God said that, blessed are they that suffer persecution for justice’ sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Globalization - Essay Example It  Furthered stated that the environmental challenges such as  climate change, cross-boundary  water  and  air pollution, and  over-fishing  of the ocean are linked with globalization.  Globalizing processes is affect by the business  and  work  organization,  economics,  socio-cultural  resources, and the  natural environment.  When you are referring to trade and transactions, globalization has led countries to increase their shares in the world trade resulting greater variation among major regions. For instance, the  newly industrialized economies  (NIEs) of Asia prospered due to globalization while African countries as a whole performed poorly. The countrys exports are an important indicator of success. Manufactured goods are exports soared dominated by developed countries and newly industrialized economies (NIEs). Commodity exported such as food and raw materials were often produced by developing countries while commodities share of total expo rts has declined over periods. The interactions amongst states which was on a global scale confined to Asia, North Africa, the Middle East and certain parts of Europe marked their success in the world of trade.  In the early globalization, it was difficult for states to interact with others who were not within close proximity. The advance technology has allowed states to learn from others who existence in trade markets. The third has to do with  interdependency, stability and regularity. When a state is not depending on other states then there is no way they can mutually affected by another. This is the driving force behind global connections and trade. With globalization states can be able to get what they are not able to produce from other state and supply what they produce to other state. Due to globalization approach and its modern forms have resulted to the  industrial revolution. This is though industrialization standard  production

Week 3 Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 3 Discussion Questions - Essay Example ide a chance to the companies to be invest into something new but will also allow for a chance where the competition can get together and build a bigger brand. This is a simpler mode where the competition can get together and work in cooperation with one another and builds a brand or product which is much bigger than what they could have build by themselves. This brand or product will allow for the companies to be sure of remaining a part of the market. 4. The position of CEOs in a company is one which brings along a number of responsibilities and even longer working hours to cope up with the needs of shareholders, media, government, lawyers and many more parties involved. With the decrease in the earning of the CEOs and the amount of work that they put into the businesses, it is not fair. This is majorly because people in the other fields like the movies and celebrities; earn much more for comparatively lesser efforts. One of the best examples would be to compare Oprah who earns as much as $200 million per year and the CEO of Oracle who draws as less as $ 1million as salary. This in comparison is not quite fair keeping in mind the efforts and the number of hours of work that is put in by each of these people. 5. Fraudulent activities in companies have been on a serious rise since the early 2000s. One of the most famous frauds was that of Enron. However it is important to understand that the company portrays itself to be in perfect line and in complete control and working within the law. Enron as has been seen has paid its audit fees and has kept up in terms of hiring lawyers for the company. However the company has worked on the basis of real time auditing which is not a very responsible move by the company or even the auditor and is in a lot of ways the major cause for the fraud. Hence it is important that the companies and auditors learn a lesson from this and avoid this type of auditing and to follow the traditional style of marketing to avoid the chance for

Malaria among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

Malaria among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa - Essay Example (UNICEF and WHO 2004, 2-3). Given these harmful effects of LBW to children’s survival LBW then puts humanity and society’s future in peril. This danger doubles with the interaction of malaria and HIV, as researches (Steketee et al. 1996, Parise et al. 1998, Verhoeff et al. 1999, and van Eijk 2001) indicate that â€Å"pregnant women infected with HIV demonstrate more frequent and higher density parasitemia than pregnant women not infected with HIV† (cited in Ayisi et al. 2004, 643). Both diseases are found prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (Global HIV/AIDS epidemic update 2001) thus, the deadly co-infection of HIV and malaria in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa is common in many of its areas. The effect of the interaction of malaria and HIV specifically in pregnant women is most visible in malaria-endemic areas and in areas with generalized HIV. Since sub-Saharan Africa suffers a high burden of both diseases, co-infection is common in its many areas – among its countries most severely affected are Central African Republic, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is estimated that at least there are about 440, 000 women in sub-Saharan Africa infected with malaria during pregnancy due to HIV, as HIV infection weakens pregnant women’s immunity to P. falciparum infection (WHO 2004, 5-6; Ayisi et. Al. 2004, 643) – the most deadly among the four main parasites causing human malaria; the most common malaria parasite in sub-Saharan Africa, to which the extremely high malaria-related mortality in this region is attributed (Greenwood 1999, 617); and more common in pregnant than non-pregnant women that causes both prematurity gestation of less than 37 weeks and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (Guyatt and Snow 2004, 760). Studies (Ayisi et al. 2003, cited in Gender and Health 2007; Ayisi et al. 2004; ter Kuile et al. 2004)

Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercise - Essay Example There are both positive and negative non-verbal behavioral patterns. Leaning towards the speaker, nodding in acknowledgement and making meaningful eye contact are regarded as positive signals whereas non-verbal signals like blinking, biting the lip or nails, playing with the hair or jewelry, and glancing at the watch display negative non-verbal behavioral patterns (Linder, p. 8). The essay makes a probe into the two Nonverbal Listening Patterns exercises that I had with my aunt (with whom I enjoy spending time) and one of my classmates named Joe (with whom I feel less comfortable). It took almost three days for me to complete the review of each of the exercise and no doubt, these exercises provided me with the necessary improvements that I need to display in my non verbal communication. The first non verbal listening exercise reviewed here is my conversation with my aunt who never failed to show motherly affection, love and concern for me. She was always considerate for me and showed great eagerness to know how I performed in my studies. During the conversation I could maintain direct eye contact with her, which very often lasted for more than 10 seconds and this convinced me of the intimacy, interest and honesty of my conversation with her. When she enquired about my studies, I noticed that I was easily making use of spontaneous and natural emphatic gestures and facial expressions with a lot of enthusiasm. At times, I smiled at her showing my pleasure and leant towards her to display my honest interest in her advices.

RESEARCH PAPER - CORPORATE TAX REFORM Assignment

RESEARCH PAPER - CORPORATE TAX REFORM - Assignment Example Corporate tax revenue share that included total federal tax revenues collapsed (Maples & Graveled, 2011)3. Consequently, federal revenues declined from 28% in 1950’s to less than 10 percent since the 1980’s. A big percentage of corporate profits that contribute a big percentage of federal revenue have also followed the same trend of decline. In 1950’s, corporation groups paid not less than 49 percent to federal income tax. However, the percentage dropped significantly to only 25.3 percent from 1990’s. In addition, despite the boom years of the 1990’s, share of the US economy remained sharply lower representing only two-fifths of GDP share in the 1950’s hence a drop in the federal revenue. Finally, since corporations in America bear the lowest income tax revenue compared to other European countries, United States bore the heavier burden to cater for the deficit in income tax. As a result, federal revenue decreases. Lowering tax rates implies a significant increase in the corporate income. Apart from income increase, tax inversion makes it safer to venture into business opportunities that organizations regarded as too risky to take. In the recent past, for instance, Endo Pharmaceutical made a bid to purchase Auxilium, a close competitor (Sullivan, 2011)4. Lower tax rates covering mergers and acquisitions influenced Endo Pharmaceuticals to proceed into a risky bid. In addition, if shareholders of a foreign company own only up to 80 percent of its shares, a US corporation enjoys payment of lower tax on subsequent earnings. Such corporations also evade paying taxes to the US on any cash they store outside the country. Consequently, companies easily enter into the market, increase market share, expand the list of therapeutic specialists, and use a single opportunity to reduce their tax rate. Furthermore, with tax reversion, corporations use transfer

Should Term Limits in Government Be Abolished Essay

Should Term Limits in Government Be Abolished - Essay Example Before going into the discussion regarding term limits, let us get a better understanding of what term limits actually are. Ellis-Christensen (n.d.) states, â€Å"Term limits refer to the maximum number of times a person can hold the same public office†. Different people have different viewpoints regarding term limits. I am personally in favor of term limits because of various reasons. In my view, some of the most considerable benefits of term limits are that they prevent government officials from hogging their seats, increases the level of commitment of the government officials, provides an opportunity for new people to serve the nation, and eliminate the chances of corruption. Term limits are also a solution to eliminate the factor of self-interest from the government officials (Keller, 2010).Term limits are beneficial for a nation because it provides the way for other talented people to come into the government and serve the nation with a new passion and commitment. Bringin g fresh blood into the government improves the connection of government with the people (Ritchie, 2011). If we consider the impact of term limits on the economy of a country, we can say that when same officials come into the government repeatedly, there is less progress or change in economic position because they hardly have any new idea or strategy to improve the economy. On the other hand, term limits provide an opportunity to new people who have new ideas and strategies to improve the economy. Every person possesses the right to serve his/her country.

United Nations and International Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United Nations and International Peace - Essay Example International peace is a prerequisite to any country's progress and prosperity that determines the country's development both in terms of social and economic aspects. For decades, terrorism has been a nightmare for countries, which will collapse the economic and social set up of a country and hurdle its economic growth and development. At this juncture, the present essay is relevant as it deals with the role of United Nation's role in preserving and encouraging peace among the member countries. The essay further examines the role of the UN in monitoring and maintaining peace across the world as an international agency in the context of its powers. The essay takes a critical approach to the success and failure of UN in international peace with real examples such as Rwanda, Iraq and Kosovo. The essay is concluded with a short debate on the present role and significance of the UN to contribute to international peace. United Nations came into existence on 24 October in 1945by virtue of the Charter ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. "The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter" (Introductory Note). The day October 24 is celebrated each year all over the world as UN Day. The basic idea behind setting up of such an organization is to work for peace and development by bringing all countries together in harmony. According to the Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a centre for harmonizing the a ctions of nations (Article 1). As regards the membership is concerned, the Charter states that "membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations" (Article 4). The top most official of the UN is the Secretary General and Ban Ki-moon of the Republic of Korea, the eighth Secretary-General, holds the position at present. The operations of the UN are regulated by different departments. A brief account of the structure of UN in general is outlined below: The General Assembly The Security Council The Economic and Social Council The Trusteeship Council The International Court of Justice The Secretariat The UN System The Role and Powers of UN in International Peace One of the main areas of concern of the UN is the preservation of world peace. International peace and harmony have been in the agenda f the UN since its inception. By signing the Charter, member states/countries undertake to take efforts to avoid crisis situations between countries and tackling of disputes by peaceful means. Since it inception, the UN has been playing a major role in helping defuse and eliminate international crisis and in resolving protracted conflicts. In its efforts to harmonize the member countries, the UN has experienced both successful and disappointing outcomes. Over the years UN efforts

Film History Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Film History - Movie Review Example In a profound research on screen history, one cannot ignore the importance of the genre called the Western and it is a fiction genre which has grown to represent the culture of western society. The westerns were the most common genre in Hollywood one time and between the 1930s and the mid-1960s it was the most dominant Hollywood film or an archetypical genre. "To say a film is a western is immediately to say that it shares some indefinable 'X' with other films we call westerns. In addition, it provides us with a body of films to which our film can be usefully compared..." (Grant 2003. P. 3). Arguably, it was the most significant American story form of the twentieth century, though the case is greatly changed today and it has become unlikely to find a western now. Thus, the influence, themes, and myths central to the classic Hollywood western, along with these movies, have disappeared, though the imprints of the genre can still be seen in the modern box-office success stories. Therefo re, an analysis of the western genre has great significance today. "Western themes and myths are still alive and well, but they have migrated to other genres, most notably, science fiction and action movies A look at the western today is not a revisiting of a dying genre, but an examination of a type of film whose shadow still falls across the theatre screens of North America." (The History of Film). This paper focuses on a comparative analysis of two modern western genre films in order to comprehend the significant elements and the history of the genre. The Western Genre: Film texts The popularity of the western genre in the twentieth century may be understood as the result of their specific characteristics which are reflected in the modern blockbuster successes. The western, which was once a Hollywood staple, has fallen on hard times. "Its complex and rich intertwining of a frontier setting, male action and themes of national identity and history no more sustains a viable genre, and the framework for analysing it through the oppositions of civilization and wilderness, the garden and the desert, has been challenged." (Geraghty 2007. P. 136). Edwin S. Porter's The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is the first western genre film, illustrates the essential elements of the genre and by 1929s the western became a generic clip. The Searchers (1956) by John Ford is an illustrious example of the genre type and the hero's status as a pathological outsider

Development of a Web-Based Student Information System for Secondary Schools in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Development of a Web-Based Student Information System for Secondary Schools in Nigeria Essay School Management System In most Nigeria secondary schools, the storage, access and management of information is very poor. Information regarding students, their respective classes, and subjects taught in these classes, performance assessment records, grade entry and other forms of data manipulation are generally carried out manually using pen and booklets, in rare cases Microsoft Excel. Access to information can be cumbersome, irritating and frustrating due to poor storage and inaccessibility. Parents, officials and staff of these schools find it very difficult to get certain information that could enhance their decision-making and completion of an assigned task. I was asked by my instructor to analyze, design, develop and implement a practical solution that will alleviate these problems in a typical secondary school. The purpose of this report is to: 1) Provide details on the functional requirements and design specification of a typical solution. 2) Demonstrate that the requirement that will be stated in (1) above have been satisfied by implementing the solution. ) Provide details of the development process and critically appraise the solution. The objective of this project is to design, develop and implement a computerized system that will enhance access, storage, processing and management of information regarding E-Student Management System student, their studies, teachers and subjects including student performance assessment records. I have designed, developed and implemented a web-based system using technologies in Microsoft . Net framework 4. 0 and Microsoft SQL Server 2008 software. A brief detail description of theories and techniques of the design and development of this solution is appraised in this report. Furthermore, an attached appendix explains the models, workflow and the architecture of the application. Users will be able to have access from any computer that has a browser and is connected to the internet. With a graphical user interface, this system is simple, user friendly and intuitive to use. It is not uncommon to find that many learning institutions in Nigeria, including secondary schools, still keep records in files and tucked them away in filling cabinets where they accumulate dust. Many of these files are often eaten up by rodents and cockroaches thus rendering them irretrievable. A great deal of routine administrative work in schools is still done manually with the state and the Federal government, including the administrators of this institutions showing little or no interest in embracing ICT. The administrative drudgery in secondary school institutions an be better managed through ICT. Secondary education administrative functions include a wide variety of activities such as educational governance, supervision, support services, infrastructure, 5 E-School Management System finance, budgeting, accounting, personnel selection and training system monitoring and evaluation, facilities procurement and management, equipment maintenance, and so on (Thomas, 1987). In most N igerian schools, officials and staff still go through the laborious exercise of manually registering students, maintaining records of students? erformance, keeping inventory list of supplies, doing cost accounting, paying bills and printing reports. The huge man-hour spent on these exercises can be drastically reduced with IT technologies to enhance overall management procedure. Thomas (1987), said that â€Å"Computers bring great speed and accuracy to each of these tasks, along with the convenience of storing large quantities of information on „small disks or tapes? (P. 5). For the purpose of this project, problems related to the management of information regarding student and their academic work, including teachers and subjects is the matter of concern.

Fruit Yogurt In Uae Marketing Essay

Fruit Yogurt In Uae Marketing Essay This study is an analysis of UAEs market and Nestle. This study is analyzing the suitability of Nestlà ©s plan of entering UAE with its product Fruit Yogurt. Abstract In the world of growing and emerging food companies, the name Nestle stands out. It is one of the most dominant firms when it comes to dairy products. Nestle is spread out all over the worlds with its many famous sub-brands in its portfolio like Maggi. Its dairy product Fruit Yogurt is one of the most famous brands in countries like India and Pakistan. This product finds its uses in many ways. UAE is a country where Nestle doesnt have this product in its portfolio. Though many firms are there with the Fruit Yogurt product but enthusiasm towards this product is still not there. Therefore Nestle wants to enter this UAE market as it sees it as a strategic market. We in this study are analyzing Nestlà ©s hypothesis that this market is good for Nestle if it launches it Fruit Yogurt products in UAE. Table of Contents Executive summary The following audit report on Nestlà ©s gives a vivid eloquence of the marketing related issues of the company. One can see from the time the company formed, it has not looked back. It produces three times the quantity of products as compared to any other competitor in the global market. The report contains the introduction of the company and the country United Arab Emirates. This is followed by the market analysis and SWOT analysis on the basis of which financial and environmental recommendations have been made in the latter part of the report. The companys marketing strategies are also highlighted. There is strong emphasis given to the Marketing Mix of the company. Most of the attributes of customer satisfaction are developed from the proper functioning of the 4ps of marketing mix. The report also contains an analysis based on the Five Generic Forces of Porter. This is the base for making the marketing recommendations of the company. Introduction Nestle Nestle is one of the most dominant brand when we discuss about the nutritious food industry. With over 500 factories in 76 countries, it sends its products to close to 196 nations. Only 3% employees and 1% of sales come from its home country, Switzerland. After establishing its name in most of the western markets, Nestle started focusing efforts on emerging economies in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Most of these countries have a consumer base to support the investments nestle is making in these countries. In fact due to rising economies of these countries people are capable of buying many Nestle products and the market will sustain this demand for few decades to come. Nestle makes it a point to enter a market ahead of competition. This risk appetite for niche markets has stood them in good stead so far. It adopts the strategy of developing goods for local market. Preference is given to localization of all activities like marketing and distribution. It isnt afraid of acquiring local firms also, when opportunities are good  [1]  . Nestle prefers decentralization, given its strategy to adopt localization. Operating decisions are taken by local units. Above this is an SBU organization on food groups and still above in hierarchy is a regional organization that rationalizes marketing efforts across the region. all brandz Nestle has its products in following verticals Baby foods Bottled water Coffee Cereals Chocolate confectionery Culinary, chilled frozen food Dairy Drinks Food service Healthcare nutrition Ice cream Pet care Sports nutrition Weight management Fruit yogurt Yoghurt, yogurt or yogourt (Turkish: yoÄÅ ¸urt) is a milk product made from fermentation of milk by bacteria. The bacteria act on milk to form what is known as yogurt cultures. Fermentation in yogurt cultures converts lactose sugar of milk to lactic acid which gives the yogurt its characteristic tang  [2]  . Yoghurt is a rich source of protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. [20] The best thing about yogurt is that people with lactose intolerance can easily consume yogurt. It is also lower in fat. As an add on, yogurt is available in different flavors like Strawberry, Mango, Berry Mix Medley, Fruit Basket, , Melon-Nata, Apple-Cinnamon and Raspberry-Apple. All images are taken from http://www.nestle.com The yogurt product range is very crucial for Nestle, as the milk and milk products contribute 48 percent to the companys turnover. Tough Nestle prices its yogurt at a little premium in many countries compared with local players, but still it is very competitive. Cultural analysis UAE History The  United Arab Emirates  (UAE) also known as the Emirates. The Emirates  are ruled by  emirs, Abu Dhabi,    Fujairah,   Ajman,   Dubai, Ras al-Khaimah,  Sharjah  and  Umm al-Quwain. The capital is  Abu Dhabi, which is also the countrys center for political and industrial activities. (Reiser) Before gaining independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States because of a truce between the United Kingdom and several Arab Sheikhs. (UAE History) Geographical Setting Location The Emirates  is a  federation  situated in the Southeast Asia. It shares its borders with Oman  and  Saudi Arabia  and sea borders with  Iraq,  Kuwait,  Bahrain,  Qatar  and  Iran. The border with Saudi Arabia is 530-kilometer long and the border with Oman is 450-kilometer long. The total covered area of UAE is nearly 77,700 square kilometers. (Reiser) Climate UAE is hot and dry round the year, July and August, being the hottest months. During these months average maximum temperatures may reach above 48  °C on the coastal plain. The average annual rainfall is low. It is a little better in mountainous areas than the coastal region. Rain in coastal region is tough typical in its style of short bursts and torrential rains. It may sometimes lead to flood. Social Institution Family Families are usually big and have high literacy. The relationship are every strong in the Arabs and they used to follow traditions strictly. Political System UAE constitution was formed in 1971 comprising of various governing bodies.  It is a federation of 7 monarchies, where within each monarchy, a ruler has absolute powers. Arabic  is the  official language in the Emirates .Islam is the official language for the country. Even in spite of being a federation of monarchies, UAE has a president and a constitution. The constitution does not interfere in internal matters of any emirate but just looks over the relations and tie ups between the federations. (Oxford Business Group, 2010) Legal System Law in the constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides special emphasis to human rights with equality, liberty, rule of law, freedom of opinion and speech, freedom of movement, freedom of communication, freedom of religion, freedom of occupation, freedom of council and association, freedom to be elected to office is provided to all citizens by law Sharia that defines several ideas of marketing. It is Islamic religious reference that is applied to the real world by the Islamic banks.. Living Conditions The living condition has a very huge gap in UAE. Some people are very reach and the city area is very much developed, and rural is still very behind in education and living styles. Diet and Nutrition Before the imported foods came into UAE, food mainly consisted of fish, rice, bread, dates, yogurt, vegetables, and meat from sheep, camels and goats With the advent of imported foods, the quality and nutrition levels of the food has gone up. It usually consists of fish, rice, meat, and a vegetable dish. There are some strict Muslim rules about eating pork and alcohol, which are closely followed, like the meat should be slaughtered in the traditional halal method. Emiratis are famous for their hospitality. They put in great efforts to welcome guests and also have a good time with guests. Traditionally guests are welcomed with dates. With a large inflow of immigrants, restaurant industry has picked up with offers of various ethnic foods Economic Analysis Demographics Population The population is estimated to be at 4.4 million people by US state department with just 15-20% of these being citizens. Since the growth of industry in late 1960s and impetus in trade, population of expats from Arab countries, Indian Subcontinent , Europe have increased. (Oxford Business Group, 2010) Growth rate The population is growing at 4% per year. Age Structure The Age breakup of UAE is as follows    0à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢19 years: 27.4% (female 40,328,895, male 42,667,761) 20à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢64 years: 60.1% (female 90,813,578, male 89,881,041) 65 years and over: 12.6% (female 21,991,195, male 15,858,477) (Oxford Business Group, 2010) Literacy There are many programs run by the government to enhance the level of education in all levels ranging from primary education, secondary education to masters level education. With recent opening of many institutes of international bodies there has been a recent growth in the level of education and its quality. Literacy rate in emirati citizens is 90 % in the age of 6-12 years. (United Arab Emirates, Education) Since education in very important in all the sectors of the society there are many steps taken by the government in the recent time to lay focus in this domain Ethnic Groups A large proportion are South Asian, of the order of 84 percent comprising of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Thai, Westerners and rest 16 percent are Arabs Religions Islam is predominant religion with, approximately 85 percent Sunni and the remaining 15 percent are Shia. If official ministry documents are to believed, 76 percent of the total population is Muslim, 15 percent is other, and 9% is Christian. Economic Statistics and Activities GDP and GNP Nominal per capita, GDP = USD 47,407, as per the  International Monetary Fund  (IMF). GDP (PPP): US $ 182.8 billion GDP (nominal) US $ 252.2 billion (Economic Statistcis ) Inflation Inflation is a becoming a major roadblock in UAE for last couple of years. Currency valuation is also a point at the top of minds of the consumers. The main problem is UAEs pegged currency against the US dollar. Dirham, its national currency is pegged against dollar. So as dollar loses value, dirham also follows suit. BMI estimates real GDP in 2009 at 5.4.0%, with another very good performance in 2010. Projected values are at rate of 5.4%, as a result of a small contraction in the oil sector (-2.6%), offset by continued out performance in the non-oil sector (10.5%). Thereafter, we see a cyclical slowdown to 4.5% in 2011 and 3.9% in 2012. (Economic Statistcis ) Channels of Distribution (Macro Analysis) Retailers The way retailers work in UAE is a little different than in other countries .There is not VAT or service tax and the more good news is that retailers are not required to report their quarterly earnings. The retailers thus have a bright future in this country shown by the recent success. UAEs retail market is growing relatively at a faster pace when compared to other developing economies of the world Mall culture has come as an advantage to the retailers who have been able to attract the local customers and tourists alike. (Oxford Business Group, 2010) Market Audit and Competitive Market Analysis Market Analysis The market for dairy products has been growing over the years globally with a special focus on Nestlà ©s products. Dairy products like yogurt have now started to be recognized as everyday snack. They are the most readily available food item in the eatables shop in almost all of the countries that Nestle exists in. (Weaver) The major factor that can influence a person to invest in the dairy product market is that it has been growing every year on an annual basis of 10%. The reason is inevitable. Nestlà ©s targets all forms of the society. Be it children or the youth or the aged, Nestle has products for all of them. This gives it an advantage over its competitors. Even though its recognition is not as high as the other products in the Middle East market, people had started considering Dairy product as nutritious edibles as a traditional mark in the food industry in the medieval periods. One can be worried of the fact that the history of the dairy product has not been on the expansion side. This is due to the rise in inflation. But at the same time there is a good deal of boom in the financial sector that accounts for the better future prospects of the products. The history of Dairy products in the market is that it has been a part of the local custom. Meals are considered to be the important routine of the day. It is certainly a custom to have a nutritious diet. This trend has been continuing ever since civilization began. As Nestlà ©s product like sweet curt or Fruit Yogurt has brought nutritious food is easily available readymade packs, it is highly recognized in most part of the world. One must also understand that other dairy products of Nestle include chocolates that add flavor to the rich vitamin and calcium content. As a result, it has been preferable from the time businessmen have taken it to higher standards. This is more beneficial for targeting the children. (Yogen Fruz (Canada) Signs UAE Franchise, 2010) It has been often said that the world has been progressing largely of late. Lets have a look at it from the Nestlà ©s products industrys perspective. There has been a greater progress in the nutritious food industry over the last decade then in the last quarter of a century. The percentage of people favoring Nestlà ©s product is more preferred than any other edible commodity, has gone up. It has gone up to 27% as against the mere 2.5% only some 15 years ago. This rise is due to the fact that Nestlà ©s food products have been gaining fame on account of the diversity of the products manufactured. If one gives a thought over the condition of nutritious food industry; he/she will put in a developing stage. But the development is not small. It has been developing at a rate no lesser than the other recognized industries. Lets consider Abu Dhabi for an example. The capital city of UAE has a good deal of cereal consumers. The recent surveys reveal that more than 17% of the population takes dairy products as a favorite snack (this includes the other products that Nestlà ©s manufactures). This is also a boon for the industry. Other than just the simple junk snacks, there is such a lot of variety in Nestlà ©s products that it has taken its food industry to the peak. The most preferred flavor in UAE is anything that which has a blend of chocolate in it. The company can certainly take advantage of this fact. (Our Brands) Keeping all these factors in mind, there was a survey of the number of people who have increased their consumption of nutritious food in the world. More than 70% of the population said that they have increased their nutritious food consumption (especially dairy products) over the last few years. This can boost up investment in the product. SWOT Analysis Strengths Company Name: The very name of Nestle brings with it the confidence of quality as it has reliability and trust associated with it. Usually, the consumers mind they prefer Nestle products over other brands time and again whether it is their Dairy product or something else. Quality: Nestlà © is the one of the biggest manufacturer of diary food products all over in the world. The Nestle name is synonym of quality. They have a tradition of providing food products of supreme quality. Most of their products belong to category of assured and certified quality confirmed by tests done by quality assurance companies. Its production facility is certified with ISO certifications and also, FDA approval certificates. But, the quality differs from country to country for example Nestle juices sold in UAE are all artificial and with preservatives whereas usually in other parts of the world such as United States they are preserved naturally with citrus. But this difference doesnt mean that products are of low quality anywhere in United Arab Emirates. Manufacturing processes: Nestle boast of having state of the art technology machines, Certified and proven process and techniques which facilitate them to produce best in the category. Trustworthy company: Nestle symbolizes trust. Consumers have faith that the product will be anything but harmful. No one should be surprised if Nestle yogurt will occupy the highest market share in the market of United Arab Emirates. Consumption in immigrants Culture: As discussed, many foreign nationals are living together in UAE. Outsiders constitute a big population in UAE. They are kind of used to most of the Nestle product including yogurt in their home countries therefore this population doesnt need education regarding Yogurt consumption benefits. Yogurt is usually used for various purposes including for cooking. Usually while cooking, yogurt can play an important role same as many local dishes that are cooked in Yogurt. Weaknesses Lack of awareness: One big drawback associated with the launch of Fruit yogurt in UAE or any Middle East countries is low awareness among the citizens. A lot of people dont know that any such type of product is there in the market. The product is already present in the market the acceptability among the UAE citizens is very low. Price: The other major weakness that the company possesses is that the selling price of Nestlà ©s products is comparatively higher than the competitors in ost of the countries it is present. The company accounts this fact to the intensive use of natural resources. But the end-users are the customers who are certainly not going to entertain such excuses. Big accounts: Company Nestle doesnt carry with it any fixed allotted funds for advertising high. Its budget for advertising is fixed as a percentage of its sales. This type of strategy usually backfires when product is losing market when compared to its competitors. If the sales are not getting high so will be advertising therefore the products sales suffers a lot. Availability: Availability of normal Nestle product is also a problem for Nestle. It also contributes to the low sale Nestle product as of now in UAE. Retailers dont want to keep product which has low acceptability in the market but takes a lot of space in freezer space. But Nestle do give their retailers a freezer which increase its products visibility therefore sales. Therefore the retailers who dont have space constraint usually accept the Nestle product wholeheartedly. But the problem comes when its given freezer is utilized to put other FMCG product of higher demand in market or competitors product. Lack of Distributors interests: Distributors usually dont accept Nestlà ©s product because of its need to be transported in chilling environment. Nestle fruit yogurt need to be transported in chilling environment of nearly 2- 3 degree Celsius. Therefore whichever distributor who is willing to accept the distributor relationship will have to fulfill the requirement of having a capability to transport on this demanding condition of maintaining chilling condition in transportation and distribution. It is kind of costly affair for distributor under until and unless Nestle occupy a large market within a very short span of time so that even distributors can get economy of scale. Chilling need: The basic requirement of Nestle fruit yogurt to keep it a chilling temperature all the time makes it difficult for even retailers to accept the product. They have a fear of the case that in case if they are not able to sell its proper quantity they will have a huge carrying cost of the product. Therefore they dont want to accept the product in very in initial phase of the product launch. This is a risk factor which company will have to wave off offering higher margin on its yogurt product as co pared to any other product. Low Expiry date: Nestle fruit Yogurt product has low expiry date. Whatever the keeping condition it has maximum expiry time of 10-15 days. This makes retailers to sell the product as soon as possible. Therefore Nestle product are kind of tension of tension to retailers when it comes to their dairy product section. This is also another hindering factor which will affect the yogurt sales in its initial days. After every 10-15 days every stockiest have to refresh its product line. Even if te retailers start putting the yogurt because of Nestlà ©s brand name, the sales in initially sales consistency cant be guaranteed therefore there will not be any limit on amount of their stock that will go waste because of the expiry. Opportunities Potential market for fruit yogurt: Nestle fruit Yogurt is nutritious food product mainly ad from milk and has very low fat as compared with the milk. Fruit flavor ends its sourness associated with it. Therefore nutritious food with good taste has a great potential market in UAE. There is kind of big market for Nestle to explore. Presence of other nationalities and hot climate works as a topping on the already existing potential market for Nestle to cherish. Most of the sil=milar product has huge acceptability and good thing is that Emirates have high per capita Income which will work as a advantage for the Nestle to putting their product in premium segment and gaining huge profit from this segment. Climate of UAE: United Arab Emirates climate is an extra advantage for Nestle to Ancash. It hot climate prompt residents to have some cold nutritious products daily. Usually in summers, ice-cream sales increase a lot but still there is a need to find a substitute having similar frosted class as well as some health benefits associated with it. Here Fruit yogurt comes to fill the gap. The consumption of yogurt in the summers in most of the south east countries is as follows: plain form Lassi meal component such as raita culinary The high use of yogurt in its fruity flavor form gives Nestle one big opportunity to sell frosted fruit yogurt in summer-time. Tax exemption: Absence of any Value added tax VAT or sales tax in UAE prompts lower price of most of the products and therefore higher amount of sales in UAE. Many companies have entered the market seeing this facility only. This also give companies to make more and more profit on their product as the VAT or sales tax part of the price usually is shared by either the customers or by companies. The amount saved by companies here as part of no Vat can be utilized for better advertisement and educating consumers. Threats Competitors: Competitors are already there in this market in UAE market. Out of these competitors some are really very serious and have a reach on international scale. Some major firms who have presence in UAE market are : Pinkberry frozen yogurt Marmum fruit yogurt Al ain dairy yogurt Yogen fruz Al rawabi fruit yogurt   Yogurberry frozen yogurt So it will be bit difficult for Nestle to compete with these players. It has spend heavily in the market for advertisement and brining awareness about its new product. Competitors Analysis Competitors are already there in the market with their yogurt related product in the market. Some of the famous brands which already have their yogurt product in the market are as below: Pinkberry frozen yogurt Marmum fruit yogurt Al ain dairy yogurt Yogen fruz Al rawabi fruit yogurt   YogurBerry UAE frozen yogurt Yogen Fruz is an international brand which has specialty in this section of frozen flavored yogurt. It is a master franchise venture with Arcology Investments, which is based in Dubai, UAE. Arcology is very proud to declare that they are opening their first Yogen Fruz outlet in Dubai very shortly. Their recently confirmed that their aim is to open 30 similar outlets in very recent future in the Gulf region. They are also aiming neighboring countries including Qatar, Oman, Kuwait Bahrain. Yogen Fruz has presence in more than 25 countries and spread over around 1200 locations. Their specialty is to provide more and more flavors of frozen yogurt. The YogurBerry UAE LLC is famous master franchise of YogurBerry group present in the United Arab Emirates. YogurBerry is one of the first premier and all-natural, non-fat frozen special yogurt brand which brings unique flavor and frozen style first time in the country. YogurBerry claims to be classy, healthy and different. YogurBerrys has opened its first outlet in Dubai, in late June 2009 to make Dubai get exposed to totally different culture of taste. Similarly, other players are also geared up to cover UAE market as soon as possible and they are playing every tactics to attract consumers towards them to reap a first movers advantage as soon as possible. Porters five forces  [3]   The threat of substitute products Nestlà © products entry in the market is a bit late. Fruit yogurt nestle is subject to face crisis as too many players want a piece of this market. Actually product fruit yogurt will face competition from local unflavored Dahi which is available at much cheaper rate than Nestlà ©s fruit yogurt. This fact will be intensified by the fact that local most of the time prefers local items over foreign items. We can also say that it will face competition from ice-cream. Here the only advantage it has is it contains low fat as compared to ice-cream but age-old ice-cream concept is difficult to be substituted with relatively new yogurt concept. The threat of entry of new competitors Many entrepreneurs are willing to invest in this field of dairy product diversity on account of the health conscious trend that has been continuing in the recent past, as it comes under the booming sector. So, the only option left for Nestle to prevail is to maintain a constant switching of costs and make proper use of its brand name. This has been seen in many other companies like HP. It is therefore recommended that with constant switching, Nestle will be able to provide its users with the products in the time span they want. The threat of competitive rivalry Food Snacks is a field where competition doesnt just come from price dimensions but also from innovation and advertisement. Nestle should realize the number of competitors it has and the diversities in which they exist. Sometimes, the reason for the late delivery of products is also competition. Different rival companies can make negotiations with the producers for the delay. Nestle has to be careful of this fact. The bargaining power of customers  [4]   Nestle dealers will be forced to keep higher prices of products to compensate for some bargain. This generally happens at villages or types. At the same time they should also keep price sensitivity in mind. So, Nestle dealers have to make a proper balance between price sensitivity and high market price for bargain compensation because there can be decent customers as well on visits to such places who might have to pay high once, but then never return or buy the commodities at their respective places. This is because one wrong step leaves a mark on the entire supply chain and finally has an impact on the company as well. Such are the customers who finally realize the companys conditions and deliberately make orders that the company cant fulfill. Nestle should not give a chance to any customer with such views. The bargain power of suppliers Nestle is more or less a Food product company, so it owes much of its pricing to its suppliers. The raw materials that it uses, determine the costs of its products. So, it is highly beneficial to have a team which is good at bargaining to keep the cost of production low. This requires a good deal of ground level work. Marketing Strategies 4Ps Product Nestle fruit yogurt which is currently offered in 3 major different flavors in most of the countries. The main flavors which are offered are peach strawberry mango in 100g cup. Strawberry can be said to be most popular of all the 3 flavors and it is usually consumed more than other two. Nestle usually keeps on adding the flavor in the country in which is already present using the flavors that are famous in those very countries. The yogurt is already there in the market in UAE but the problem is that not a large part of UAE crowd is in fan of this yogurt thing. Say it a lack in promotion by other marketers or their targeting on elite class, this product really needs to be market through educating customers. The rate of consumption among Emirates needs to be increased to increase the overall sale of the product. The quality of product is not questionable; as it is part of trustable nestle group. Price The price set by Nestle of the fruit yogurt is minimal in most of the countries like India and Pakistan. It is around 15 rupees/cup. Seeing the flavors which are being offered at this price, it is considered very reasonable. The main fact that Nestle has to refresh its stock after every 10 15 days is a problem. Therefore selling only at Nestle special stores will make Nestle to manage inventory well. Selling this awesome project at this affordable is the main thing which makes Nestle popular in all the markets. We can say that seeing the per capita income of emirate people that the product will be great hit in the market and Nestle can charge premium price for the product at later stage. Place Like all the other countries, Nestle should launch its product only in the major cities in United Arab Emirates. The main reason is that the urban people due to large per capita income are ready to use new product which they think is of good quality and have value for money. People in small cities are used to of their own brand and their tendency tgo use their favorite brands all the time make them a bad customer for Nestle. Targeting only big city will make its product to sell in bit low volume but it will be good for Nestle in maintain its goodwill and help Nestle to charge a premium price from its urban consumers. Company can target anything between 5000 to 10000 retailer in 2 years of time span. Promotion Last P which symbolizes promotion related with marketing interface. It is suggested the promotion plan of Nestle should be through following mediums. TV program Billboards Advertisement in newspaper, Magazines and television Banner Kiosks TV Program 5 minute of daily TV show @ 8:30 pm Nestle should broadcast a re

Techniques Of Javelin Throwing

Techniques Of Javelin Throwing Observation and analysis is imperative to coaches in order to provide the learner with detailed feedback about their performance (Hay, 1994). Javelin throwing has shown little change in technique throughout the years and elite performers virtually show identical techniques. Some athletes differ with their techniques by rotating the javelin arm forward, down and then extend it back prior to throwing. The most common technique of javelin keeps the javelin stable without any motion then extends it back before forward motion (Carr, 1999). According to Rogers (2000) the javelin is divided into a four phase pattern. These phases are; approach, transition, block and release and follow through. The approach is the run-up phase prior to withdrawal of the javelin. The run-up develops velocity and this energy created is transferred to the throw. The momentum gathered from the run-up adds 30-40% distance from a javelin that is thrown from a standing position (Rogers, 2000). Athletes prefer to use 12-15 step run up but some find using 8-10 steps comfortable. During the approach there should be a gradual acceleration eventually reaching a maximal, but controllable speed that can be maintained through the transition and release phase. The athlete should be relaxed during the run especially in the upper body and shoulders, maintaining a good posture. The javelin should be carried at a right angle with the shoulder with the javelin kept level and stable whilst in the run-up (Rogers, 2000). The transition phase is used to withdraw the javelin in preparation for the explosive motion of the release of the javelin. The withdrawal is established with a five-step pattern (for right handed thrower this goes left, right, left, right, left). The withdrawal begins when the left foot lands (after 12-15 step run-up). As the left foot lands shoulders turn 90 degrees to the right and the throwing is extended back with the palm facing upwards, so the arm is level or above the plane of the shoulders. The arm is slightly external rotated at the shoulder joint to ensure the palm is facing upwards. The tip of the javelin should be aligned at the level of the chin with shoulder kept level. During this phase the legs and hips are active. The turning of the shoulder controls hip rotation and feet placement and turning of the hips and feet cause deceleration (Rogers, 2000). Figure 1. The transition between approach and withdrawal phase with emphasis on the drawback of the javelin. The final stage of the transition is the most important to gain energy into the release of the javelin, the impulse step. The impulse stride drives the hips and trunk forward. The trunk is kept upright to maintain forwards speed. The right leg is swung infront forward with knee flexed and toe turned up. The left foot then lands forwards as the right contacts the ground (Rogers, 2000). Figure 2. Final Stage of the transition phase the impulse stride. Emphasis on the high knee drive of the right leg. The block and release phase is an explosive continuation from the preceding phase. During this phase the hips and trunk are thrust forward against a straight, left leg. The hips rotate with them finishing facing the direction of the throw. As the left leg is planted in a blocked action the right leg drive forces acceleration of the right hip, stretching the trunk. The throwing arm and all the leg action is kept relaxed and trailing. All these actions cause a stretch of the chest and trunk muscles resulting in a flail like action of the throwing arm (Rogers, 2000). Figure 3. The release phase showing the full extension of the left leg and the right leg driving through the block. During the follow-through the athlete must think of driving through the block. This forces the body high and onto the left toe after release. Another step should check the forwards momentum to prevent exceeding the foul line (Rogers, 2000). Analysis of Performance Using the four phase pattern devised by Rogers (2000) an analysis of a javelin performer comprising of their strengths and weaknesses and comparing them to a good model of practice. Strengths of the athlete shown come in the approach phase of the javelin throw. The athlete uses a 10-15 step run-up with a gradual acceleration which is controlled by the athlete. A controllable speed enables the athlete to gain momentum going into the transition and release phase where the more explosive movements take place. During the approach phase the athlete also shows a good posture with shoulders and upper body relaxed and javelin kept stable (Rogers, 2000). During the transition phase of the throw the athlete has good posture and the footwork is exemplary. The athlete keeps the hips high and upper body upright whilst doing the cross-over steps. During the cross-over steps the javelin is stable and is partly extended. The footwork of the athlete is correct and continues the gradual acceleration gained during the approach run. Prioritising the weaknesses of the athlete are essential so the correct practice drills can be selected and eventually an improvement in technique and performance. The two weaknesses concern the arm positioning and the impulse stride. The athletes arm drops below the plane of the shoulders. This impacts the whip-and flail release as the chest and torso are not kept open (Rogers, 2000; Paish, 2009). During the release phase the block of the left side causes a prestretch of the chest and trunk resulting in a the flail-like action. This cannot occur if the arm drops below the plane of the shoulders. The dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulders also has biomechanical impacts. The dropping of the arm causes the tip of the javelin to point upwards, causing an over rotation of the javelin. Fig.4 this image clearly indicates the drop of the shoulder beyond the plane of the shoulder. The image clearly shows the impact this has on the hips, causing them to sink and the points of the javelin, which should be kept stable. The second weakness during the transition phase is the lack of an impulse stride. The impulse energy transfers energy from the transition phase to the release. The impulse stride is a final cross-over step but with the exaggeration of the right knee drive. The drive of the right knee aids pulling the hips forward (Rogers, 2000). The athlete being analysed performs the cross-over steps with ease but just has no final impulse stride, which gains explosive energy for the release phase. The lack of an impulse stride means there is no vigorous movement generating no pace and explosion. Fig 5. The image shows the lack of a knee drive. The knee should theoretically be at 90 degree angle. The lack of knee drive reduces the explosive movement of the impulse stride. Another major weakness from the athlete is during the block phase. As Rogers (2000) explains the left side of the body should be kept firm and act as a block whilst the drive comes from the right hand side, accelerating through the block. The left leg should be fully extended so the right hand side can rotate and drive through the left leg. The weakness the athlete shows is that after the impulse stride the left-leg is planted but is flexed. The implications of this are that the right hand cannot drive through the left side, generating no power for the javelin throw. The flexing of the left knee causes the hips to sink meaning body weight is forced backwards. Fig. 6 The image shows the lack of block during the release phase. The planting foot should be firm and almost in a vertical line. The flexing of the front knee causes hips to sink and a lack of drive through this block. Table 1: illustrates the athleteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strengths and weaknesses. Strengths Weaknesses Good posture in run-up with the javelin kept stable. Arm drops below plane of the shoulders when drawn back Uses 10-15 step run-up. Lack of exaggeration during the impulse step Palm faces upwards and shoulder externally rotated when javelin is drawn back. Good footwork during the transition phase, with 3 well performed cross-over steps. During block phase left-leg not fully extended, causes right side not able to drive through the block. Hips drop and height lost during the block and release, caused by left-leg not fully extended. Developing Technique of the Performer As mentioned in the previous section the three key weaknesses have been prioritised. The weaknesses are; the drop of the arm below the plane of the shoulders when extended back, lack of exaggeration of the impulse stride and lack of extension of the left leg during the block and release phase. Drills now need to be created so technique of the performer is improved, so in turn the end outcome of the throw will be improved. Drills for improving these techniques can be combined together with drills for extension of the arm and lead leg culminated together. The first practice drill will be a standing javelin throw. This drill is a warm-up drill but can also focus on technical aspects of the throw (Bowerman and Freeman, 1991). The main objective of this drill is to stabilise the arm. As mentioned a weakness of the performer is the dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulders. To simplify this drill the athlete could use a turbo javelin, this is a lighter javelin aimed at improving technical aspects or even a tennis ball. The athlete should complete about 30-60 standing javelin throws so the action is stereotyped and the athlete gets the kinaesthetic feel of the throw. During this drill the coach should be giving feedback focusing on the arm position, making sure it is above the plane of the shoulders. This drill is focusing on technical aspects so distance and effort should not be an issue the coach has to focus on. The next progression of the drill aims to perform 3 cross-over steps then perform a throw. This drill despite the introduction of the cross-over steps focuses on the arm position and extension of the lead leg during the release phase. As noticed the athlete during the transition phase lets the javelin drop below the plane of the shoulders, causing an over rotation of the javelin. During this drill the athlete should begin the throw with the arm fully extended to the rear and above the plane of the shoulders. The first stride should then be completed with the left leg and then cross-over step and throw. During the release phase the athlete needs to focus on fully extending the lead leg allowing the right side to be able to drive through the block (Rogers, 2000). The coach should prescribe the athlete to shadow perform this drill and pause as the left leg plants. This will indicate whether the athlete is fully extending the lead leg. Initially this drill should be done at a slow pace t o get used to the rhythm of the movements. Once comfortably the intensity and pace of this exercise should be increased. Again this action should be repeated so the movement is stereotyped to the performer. This means the action can be repeated without any conscious thought. To increase the difficulty of the drill the athlete should throw towards a target, making a gate to aim the javelin towards. The athlete should then challenge themselves out of 10 how many times can the athlete successfully land the javelin. The next drill will focus on the impulse stride. As explained the athlete lacked any exaggeration of the impulse stride therefore lacking explosive power into the release phase. This drill will focus on the high knee drive of the right knee. The athlete will perform cross-over steps over a line of SAQ hurdles. The athlete will only drive the right leg over the 12 inch SAQ hurdles. The will be done so the athlete feels comfortable with the feel and explosive movement of the impulse stride. The athlete should now understand the requirement s of the impulse stride so the final practice should be the athlete performing a 7-11 javelin throw. This will replicate the throw in a competition environment. The coach need to observe all components of the javelin and see if the technique has improved. Summary The javelin throw according to Rogers (2000) is split into four phases. These phases are; approach, transition, block and release and follow through. Each phase has key aspects which the coach should compare against a good model of the practice, the model of practice I compared the performer to was Steve Backley. By using video-analysis strengths and weaknesses of the performance could be drawn. For the weaknesses progressive and technical practices were drawn up so technique of the performer could improve, therefore improving performance. The key weaknesses of the performer analysed was; dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulder when withdrawn in the transition phase, lack of extension of the lead leg during the release phase and lack of an impulse stride during the transition phase which is the most explosive movement. The progressive practices focused on one or two key points and are basic and repetitive so the technique can be embedded in the performance. Eventually the practices developed into a practice javelin throw replicating what would be done in competition, so developments can be seen.

Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age Essay -- Alcohol Essays Research Pa

The Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age College life is filled with changes. It is filled with many new experiences. As college students, we are on our own, adults. As adults we are responsible for keeping up to date on information that affects us. One issue that affects college students nation wide is drinking. The current legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one years of age. The Federal government raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in 1984. Even with the current drinking age at twenty-one, many people under that age choose to drink anyway. In fact, a government survey from 1996 showed that 56% of high school seniors reported drinking in the last 30 days (Hanson). With so many underage drinkers, many people believe that the drinking age should be lowered, stating that people are going to drink, regardless of the legal age. Still others see the high number of underage drinkers as a sign that the legal age needs to stay where it is and stricter laws need to be implemented. With the extremely high numb er of underage drinking, we can assume that the current drinking age is relatively ineffective, and therefore we must ask ourselves: should the drinking age be lowered, or should we revise policies to make the current age more effective? It is important to view all sides of the issue before deciding which side to be on. We must look responsibly at the issue instead of saying that the drinking age should be lowered, simply because we are under 21. The current drinking age has many debatable sides, or approaches which need to be examined. Those approaches include lowering the drinking age because the current policies don?t work, lowering the drinking age because it would lead to more responsible drinking, kee... ...drinking age should be lowered: An opinion based upon research. 1998. Oct 13 2002. <www.indiana.edu/engs/articles/cqoped.html>. Hanson, D. J. .. Youth Alcohol Policy. 1997. Oct 13, 2002. <http://www.2potsdam.edu/alcohol-info/InMyOpinion/YouthPolicy.html>. Kirby, Robert. "Study Confirms Parents' Suspicions: Teens Have as Much Sense as a Rock." The Salt Lake Tribune 1 August 2002: E1. McArdle, Paul J.. "A Lower Drinking Age Wouldn't Lead to Responsible Alcohol Use" Letter. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 893 words, 9 June 2002: A6. Pickerington, Matthew G.. "A Lower Drinking age Would Quiet the Riots" Letter. The Columbus Dispatch 296 words, 14 May 2002: 10A. Stoner, Noah. "Dangers Abound with a Lower Drinking Age." Intelligencer Journal 19 January 2002: A-4 . Wilson, Greg . "Pol Says Drop Age, Educate Kids." Daily News (New York) 15 July 2002: 1.

Hacking :: science

Hacking Describe a negative aspect of ICT’s impact on the information society. Describe how ICT has brought this about and what society is has done in response to it. Abstract Hacking has been and still disease different societies suffer from. The essay aims to provide the reader with knowledge regarding the effects hacking caused to our society, and how the society responded and tried to solve or minimize those effects. Different issues regarding hacking are discussed, such as the motivations that were behind guiding hackers who were at first computer professional to perform unauthorized activities, at the same time a discussion about the types of attacks can be found. The society response to hacking attacks lacks till this moment the ability to stop or completely prevent attacks from happening because as long as security tools are developed, more sophisticated hacking attacks are invented. That’s why we should start to think about hacker’s psychology as the main way to prevent and stop attacks by understanding their needs or desires. Introduction The Oxford English Dictionary defines hacking as â€Å"cut or chop roughly; mangle: cut (one’s way)†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to its present definition as â€Å"gain unauthorized access (to data in a computer)†. Banks (1997:11) defines hacking as â€Å"something that boring mainframe computer operators did to improve performance and battle boredom.† Here banks focuses on boredom as the reason of hacking. A more technical definition of hacking according to Digital Guards data base (2001) is â€Å"unauthorized use, or attempts to circumvent or bypass the security mechanisms of an information system or network.† Darlington (2001) believes hacking is not limited to accessing data or information but also includes an attack on the privacy of all people. Almost all different opinions agree on the illegality of hacking. On the other hand the word hacker is the agent of hack or hacking and it was defined as a person who enjoys accessing files whether for fun, imposing power or the interest related to the accessed files or data according to Taylor (1999). While Marotta (in Taylor, 1993) has a negative view of the hacker as a data lord, a barbarian who takes what he wants. Himanen (2001) defines hacker as any person who performs illegal actions whether they were related to computer or not which means the usage of a device apart from its functionality. Seems hacking according to Himanen is related to any illegal or unauthorized action. Seebach (1999) finds hacker as a person who feels delighted and full of joy when being able to access a system and break the security utilities but Himanen (2001) doesn’t consider hacker as a thief.

Teachers and Technology Essays -- Education, Technology in the Classro

Nature of the Study Teachers' overall attitudes towards technology play a vital role in adopting a set method in determining how to instruct with wireless laptops (Kervin & Mantei, 2010). Alternatively, the way teachers perceive technology will hypothesize a key determinant of the nature of this quantitative, pre-experimental study. In this study, the reason why teachers do not routinely and effectively use available technology such as wireless laptops in K–12 classrooms will be examined. To take full advantage of technology, while reducing possible drawbacks, requires matching the technology with the learning objectives (Lee, 2010). The researcher will use a pre-experimental, quantitative study, which has a cross-sectional web-based, five point Likert-scale survey entitled the Technology Attitude Scale (TAS). The TAS will be administered to collect data during the course of this study. Subsequently, the TAS questionnaire is an adapted version of Swan and Dixon’s (2006) model. The results of the TAS will be analyzed using an experimental and non experimental sample to establish teachers’ attitudes about wireless technology in the instructional practice. The survey provides and shows the reliability of .92 and showed a proven validity tested through statistical analysis. Swan and Dixon (2006) used the TAS to examine any correlation between teachers’ attitudes towards technology and the use of such technology in their study. In this study, a convenience sample instead of a random sample of teachers in a rural southeast Georgia school district will be used because teachers are both accessible and willing to participate. Accessibility and willingness to participate are characteristics of a convenience sample (Lee... ...itudes, societal impact, specific negative cognitions or self-critical personal dialogues during actual computer usage or when considering future computer use (Ursavas & Karal, 2009). Theory-Driven: a massive conventional teaching approaches for the incorporation of traditional teaching and learning approaches (Stewart et al., 2009). Wireless computing: devices that use electromagnetic waves rather than land-based wires to carry a communication signal; examples are laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless signals (Skevakis, 2010, rather than hardware technology. Wireless technology: output tools such as laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless forms (Skevakis, 2010).

Big five Personality Traits and Effective Leaders Essay

Q.1) What do you think Terry Leahy’s personality traits are for each of the Big Five dimensions of personality? Identify and justify with reference to the case. Q.2) Considering the 9 narrow personality traits required of effective leaders, how would you rate Terry Leahy on all these 9 narrow traits (i-e which ones he rate high, medium and low)? Why? Justify? Q.3) The first weakness he mentioned was his â€Å"Irish Temper†. Explain and justify whether Terry Leahy has a bad temper or not. Q.4) Is Terry Leahy really modest. How do you remain that modest in spite of the success and the accolades? Does this man have no Ego? Q.5) What type of Self concept does Terry Leahy have and how does it affect his business success? Does Terry Leahy posses a theory X or theory Y attitude? Q.6) According to McClelland’s Achievement motivation theory, which of three needs Terry Leahy rates high, medium and low on? Justify. Q.7) According to the 3M Leadership competency framework there are 12 competencies required of effective leaders (i-e 1) Ethics and Integrity 2) Intellectual Capacity 3) Maturity and Judgment 4) Customer Orientation 5) Developing People 6) Inspiring People 7) Business health and results 8) Global Perspective 9) Vision and Strategy 10) Nurturing Innovation 11) Building Partnerships and Alliances 12) Organizational Agility). Considering the above 12 competencies for effective leaders which ones Terry Leahy good at and which ones he is less good at and Why? Q.8) Effective Leaders need to have skills and take actions on three different fronts i-e as strategists, as architects and as mobilizers (both internally and externally). Working through the case how would define Terry Leahy’s role as a strategist, as an architect and as a mobilizer. Q.9) What evidence is there that Terry Leahy’s leadership has evolved over time? How has he developed his career? Q.10) Identify some of challenges (or dangers) facing Terry Leahy today and in coming years.

Kafka on the Shore Analysis Essay

How does Murakami researchs the concept of individuation in the unexampled Kafka on the set down? It is challenging to flummox what defines someones personal identity, who we are, what we do, merely near all-important(prenominal)ly what we think. Its intimate our heads, in our unconscious(p)ness when we actually allow ourselves to debate on our full-strength identity. When it comes to literature, antecedents explore their characters admittedly selves differently depending on the intention they see. In the brisk Kafka on the shore Murakami uses several(prenominal)(prenominal) unusual resources in his novel much(prenominal)(prenominal) as themes and intertextuality in wander to explore the concept of identity at heart his writing. The groom through with(predicate) the presentation of the consanguinity mingled with trances and tangibleism and the concept of bunch cogitate to the notion of lack of control reveals the neat self by inquiring into the inform al dark of the nature of his characters. He explores the unconscious side of an undivided, which in his writing has a significant impact on the construct of their fate implicitly blurring the boundary of splendour amidst prospect and action.Also acknowledging dreams as the only moment when our human agent allows large number to be comp permitely frank with ourselves. The following commentary in order to explore the concept of identity in Murakamis work will steering on the passage of Miss Saekis and Kafkas communion, chapter 29. The conception of dreams vs. reality in the novel plays a major function due to the fact that what the compose wants is to kick in dreams as important as reality or in time much so, stipulation that it is when his characters are their true selves. and then this relationship is experienced by his audience rattling deeply, at first introducing the subject in a way anyone could connect to it but as the novel advances, the theme is positive to a level far beyond everyday life, neertheless it is possible to charter to an understanding of it. The geographical context of lacquer in the novel aids this unveiling of magical realism to the writing of Murakami. Concerning the heathen and apparitional aspects, Japanese society has a big flexibility on them, they have a blending of several religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, boundaries are broken and people are salve to live their profess interpretation of their stepuality.Moreover, religion defines Japanese identity more than than spirituality its a way of living and persuasion. Such independence and individuality of thought is what en equal to(p)s the events in the novel to be conceiv adequate to(p), what allows the pen to distort dreams and reality, and whats real against whats possible. Furthermore the innovation of that liberal Japanese way of thinking empowers the reader to make a free interpretation of whats going on in the novel, acknowled ging that being involved in the postmodernist movement there is never an infrangible truth to it. Murakami plays with the readers mind as they are certainly expecting to find absolute answers and end up being more confused trying to seek for them. In the specific extract of Miss Saekis and Kafkas inter wrinkle she is fulfilling her unconscious lust of catch some Zsing with him. In fact the horizon itself is presented in a way in which as readers we are not certain(a) whether it is actually evanesceing or not.The author uses a mesmeric tone and changes the write up voice to third soulfulness to relieve oneself a dream same gloriole Before you know it, her dream has wrap itself al intimately your mind. Gently, warmly, like amniotic fluid. In this quote the use of the third person is evidenced and the expression wrapped around your mind is what produces the mesmerizing tone as Kafka is clearly absorbed by this dream that has become a divide of reality. Its a very graphic crack in which the main character experiences the blurring of genuineness against his dreams But you cant go under the borderline separating dream and reality. Or even the boundary between whats real and whats possible. All youre sure enough of is that youre in a subtle position. In this scene Kafka is un up to(p) to control himself even when he knows that what he is doing is not right. Moreover, the fact that Miss Saeki all over her subconscious wish during her sleep is calm down when she decides to embrace her desire and repeat the intercourse with Kafka in one of the following chapters. some other significant way, in which this theme is tied to to the character of Miss Saeki and her identity show through her unconsciousness, is the spiritual projection of her 15 year old self that Kafka sees at night. It is possible to interpret that she projects herself this way during her sleep due to the fact that she is stuck in her distant, happier past. revelation that what she truly wishes is to be back when she was 15 and reunite with her lover, which could be why she presents herself to Kafka, minded(p) that the resemblance between both could be interpreted as if he werent only her son, but the renascence of her lover. because again what allows the reader to make these assumptions is the religious context of japan given that reincarnation is a agency of some peoples believes. For this finicky element of the spiritual projection Murakami uses intertextuality to relate the events in the novel and clarify his cognizance on the subject. He deliberately makes a reference to the story of Genjy. In this tale Lady Rojuko fulfils her dark unconscious desires through her dreams by becoming a spirit without taking notice of it, just like Miss Saeki does.The important link between both events is that both characters could only hightail it out their desires during their sleep while they are their true selves. Miss Saeki is only able to seek the intercourse w ith Kafka while she is theoretically quiescency. Another parallel with the tale is when Nakata scoop outs the step forward of Kafka and stabs his own father, eventually agreeing unconsciously the course he was meant to. Perhaps this suggests that there is inner(a) darkness in everyone and that dreams are the unblemished moment to explore the darkness within our true selves the world of grotesque is the darkness within us Regarding the conception of extremity and the theme of lack of control in the novel, these are factors that as hearty change the exploration of identity in Murakamis characters. Fate is perhaps one of the most significant elements of the novel developing throughout all of it. It is essentially presented as inevitable, the author foreshadows from the beginning whats going to happen with his main character.The reason why great deal is a factor beyond the individuals control is because the author wants to claim it isnt only an uncontrollable suck up driving them. Its an actual part of who they are, an inner force, part of their human condition Sometimes fate is like a small sandstormthis storm is you. Something inside of you. So all you can do is give into it. Therefore indeed destiny is identity, Kafka is omened that he will eventually cleanup his father and sleep with his mother, but this doesnt happen due to fatality or chance, it happens because it is unconsciously what he wants and accordingly what he is. This is proven when further on in the novel he accepts his curse he embraces it, his love for his own mother and the remnant of his father. withal he doesnt carry out his curse completely awake(predicate) that he is doing it, but in thought he actually wishes to do so, which is why it happens. This suggests that thought is indeed as important as actions, or even more so, as they are our pure intentions.Therefore this could be interpreted as a factor affecting the characters karma as Shintoistic religion suggests and thus h aving an impact on their destiny. On the other hand, control is presented as something the characters lack, and when its linked to destiny therefore to identity what Murakami expresses is that they are not able to control who they are, what they want. This is shown in several ways for example something as simple as sex, Kafka finds himself unable to control his desire of sleeping with unconscious Miss Saeki although he is well aware that he is acting wrong. I figure Id intermit wake her up. Shes making a big mistake, and I have to let her know. This isnt a dreamits real life. But everythings happening so fast, and I dont have the strength to resist In this way the reader can relate to the experience of the main character of not being able to resist what he deeply wants.To sum up, Kafka on the shore is a novel that is indeed charged with deep and complicated themes, metaphorically exploring several elements about human life and identity. Nevertheless Murakami manages to introduce such complexity in a way that the reader is able to understand and interpret his writing using resources such as intertextuality to clarify his take on the subject, or at least(prenominal) the reader is able to suggest he does. With the use of destiny, control and dreams vs. reality the author makes an interesting approach towards the exploration of identity stating that our thoughts are as much part of who we are as our actions, and even a more important part of our selves. to boot he gives a vast immensity to dreams, as they are the reflection of our minds, our true fears and desires. Perhaps he is stating that life should be much more like a dream, and in a way criticizing the conception of reality.