The Science Behind How Popcorn Pops

Popcorn has been a popular snack for thousands of years. Remnants of the tasty treat have been found in Mexico dating back to 3600 BC. Popcorn pops because each popcorn kernel is special. Heres a look at what makes popcorn different from other seeds and how popcorn pops. Why It Pops Popcorn kernels contain oil and water with starch, surrounded by a hard and strong outer coating. When popcorn is heated, the water inside the kernel tries to expand into steam, but it cannot escape through the seed coat (the popcorn hull or pericarp). The hot oil and steam gelatinizes the starch inside the popcorn kernel, making it softer and more pliable. When the popcorn reaches a temperature of 180 C (356 F),  the pressure inside the kernel is around 135 psi (930 kPa), which is sufficient pressure to rupture the popcorn hull, essentially turning the kernel inside-out. The pressure inside the kernel is released very quickly, expanding the proteins and starch inside the popcorn kernel into a foam, which cools and sets into the familiar popcorn puff. A popped piece of corn is about 20 to 50 times larger than the original kernel. If popcorn is heated too slowly, it wont pop because steam leaks out of the tender tip of the kernel. If popcorn is heated too quickly, it will pop, but the center of each kernel will be hard because the starch hasnt had time to gelatinize and form a foam. How Microwave Popcorn Works Originally, popcorn was made by directly heating the kernels. Bags of microwave popcorn are a bit different because the energy comes from microwaves rather than infrared radiation. The energy from the microwaves makes the water molecules in each kernel move faster, exerting more pressure on the hull until the kernel explodes. The bag that microwave popcorn comes in helps trap the steam and moisture so the corn can pop more quickly. Each bag is lined with flavors so when a kernel pops, it strikes the side of the bag and gets coated. Some microwave popcorn presents a health risk not encountered with regular popcorn because the flavorings are also affected by the microwave and get into the air. Does all corn pop? Popcorn that you buy at the store or grow as popcorn for a garden is a special variety of corn. The commonly cultivated strain is Zea mays everta, which is a type of flint corn. Some wild or heritage strains of corn will also pop. The most common types of popcorn have white or yellow pearl-type  kernels, although white, yellow, mauve, red, purple, and variegated colors are available in both pearl and rice shapes. Even the right strain of corn wont pop unless its moisture content has a moisture content around 14 to 15%. Freshly harvested corn pops, but the resulting popcorn will be chewy and dense. Sweet Corn and Field Corn Two other common types of corn are sweet corn and field corn. If these types of corn are dried so they have the right moisture content, a small number of kernels will pop. However, the corn that pops wont be as fluffy as regular popcorn and will have a different flavor. Attempting to pop field corn using oil is more likely to produce a snack more like Corn Nuts, where the corn kernels expand but dont break apart. Do other grains pop? Popcorn is not the only grain that pops! Sorghum, quinoa, millet, and amaranth grain all puff up when heated as the pressure from expanding steam breaks open the seed coat.

William Descartes s The Domino Effect On The Existence...

Take Home Exam #2 Part One: Descartes was a famous French philosopher in the mid 1500’s. He had a very particular argument that still confuses and or makes sense to many people today. His argument is basically in regards to the existence of God. The way he describes this argument is by breaking it down by two principles. Those two principles are the â€Å"Principle of Sufficient Reason† and the â€Å"Principle of Adequate Reality.† In the Principle of sufficient Reason, Descartes points out that there is a thesis that everything in the world has a cause. By this, he means that everything that happens or anything that is made in the world is the cause of a force before it. By this, he is indicating that everything, even human beings, should have a force that made us. To Descartes this force or entity is God. To make things simpler, let us use this example. Think of a domino effect. In the domino effect one domino falls and causes another to fall down, but before any of the dominoes can do anything there has to be a force to make the first domino fall down. The force in this example would be you, the one forcing the first domino to start the ongoing chain. So in Descartes argument he states that in order for us to be â€Å"humans† there must have been a cause that made us. Descartes says that God is that force or entity that is starting the chain of events. Because of this theory, saying that God does not exist would be counter arguing the scientific law of cause and effect. Now the secondShow MoreRelatedImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pages1936The impact of science on society. (NASA SP ; 482) Series of lectures given at a public lecture series sponsored by NASA and the College of William and Mary in 1983. 1 . Science-Social aspects-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Bergman, Jules. 11. Asimov, Isaac, 1920. 111. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pages1936The impact of science on society. (NASA SP ; 482) Series of lectures given at a public lecture series sponsored by NASA and the College of William and Mary in 1983. 1 . Science-Social aspects-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Bergman, Jules. 11. Asimov, Isaac, 1920. 111. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Their Eyes Were Watching God As A Bildungsroman Analysis

‘Their Eyes Were Watching God’ as a bildungsroman covering personal growth ‘Their Eyes Were Watching Good’ is a 1937 published novel by the Afro-American author Zora Neale Hurston. The story is about Janie Crawford, an attractive, middle-aged black woman, that returns to her hometown after the breakdown of her third marriage. This causes a lot of gossip and Janie decides to explain herself by telling her story. She tells about her three different marriages and how she in person changed during these different stages of her life. ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God’ meets the criteria of a bildungsroman because it implies an educative point and delivers a message to the reader. The whole novel is a self-reflection and deals with the changes the†¦show more content†¦This loneliness was supposed to be filled by another man, her second husband Joe Starks. She continued her development as a woman especially in the beginning of the new relationship when Joe â€Å"spoke for change and chance† (28). The problems Janie had to face in this marriage were that her husband did not treat her equal but rather treated her as an ornament. She found out that the love he provided to her in the beginning was rather part of the ulterior moves Joe had about becoming an important landlord and major. Joe gave only material goods to Janie who felt again as if something misses in her life. The final stage in Janie’s development as a woman is her marriage with the twelve years younger Tea Cake. Both are totally in love with each other and Janie lives a live she has never lived before. She experienced a big change when she moves from her formal live as â€Å"Mrs. Major† (43) in Eatonville to the Everglades where Tea Cakes teaches her how to farm, fish and hunt and introduces a totally new rural life to her. Janie described her lifestyle in these days with ...we aint got nothin tuh do but do our work and come home and love (127). This last relationship finishes her development as a woman. Even if Janie went through a lot of changes in her life she still did not change herself in some aspects. It sometimes seems as if she did not really learn from the mistakes she made inShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]Read MoreRomanticism and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 PagesJapanese drawing paper into his typewriter, and for the next 20 days or so, began typing up his â€Å"road† notes from a series of notebooks that documented his travels across the United States and Mexico. These notes were compiled and fictionalized into a bildungsroman tale of two young men who were searching the back roads, tiny hamlets and big cities of post-World War II America. This became the critically acclaimed novel, On the Road. At the center are two young men, Sal Paradise (Kerouac), a college

The Duties and Responsibilities of a Service Crew in any Food Chain free essay sample

The Duties and Responsibilities of a Service Crew in any Food Chain are as follows: Responsible for providing courteous and efficient food and beverage services to the guests. To present menu, take order, suggest and recommend appropriately. To attend and respond to guests’ needs promptly and professionally. To present bills to diners, collect payment and give to the cashier, return change or credit card to diners. To perform general housekeeping and cleaning duties, including sweeping, mopping, cleaning glasses, furniture fittings, laying of tables and up-keeping of rest room etc. Any other appropriate duties and responsibilities as assigned. What are the deff. Betwn food attendant and waiter? A waiter usually does the whole thing. Greet, take orders, run food, check up etc. A food attendant is usually just a runner that takes out food and drinks but just delivers, doesnt really interact with customers. Also, usually a food attendant relies on the waiter to be tipped out rather than being tipped directly from the customer i. We will write a custom essay sample on The Duties and Responsibilities of a Service Crew in any Food Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. ou make less Duties Responsibilities of a Kitchen Helper Shelley Moore is a journalist and award-winning short-story writer. She specializes in writing about personal development, health, careers and personal finance. Moore has been published in Family Circle magazine and the Milwaukee Sentinel newspaper, along with numerous other national and regional magazines, daily and weekly newspapers and corporate publications. She has a Bachelor of Science in psychology. By Shelley Moore, eHow Contributor A kitchen helper has the primary responsibility of keeping the kitchen at a restaurant or other food service operation clean and orderly. He usually has many other duties as well, depending on the type of establishment in which he works. In addition to his cleaning duties, he might assist in the dining area or help the cook with food preparation. Job Description of an Assistant Cook An assistant cook supports the head chef. An assistant cook may go by many titles in the restaurant business and other food service settings. Also known as an apprentice chef, chefs apprentice, assistant chef or kitchen helper, an assistant cook is the head cooks or executive chefs right hand in the kitchen. A talented and reliable assistant cook can make all the difference in how smoothly a kitchen operates. Food Counter Attendant Job Description Food counter attendant job description and profile The main responsibility of a ‘Food Counter Attendant’ is to take orders from customers. The position of food counter attendant is generally at places like fast food outlets, cinemas, and canteens, mess etc. At some places, an attendant may has to prepare dishes. Food counter attendant duties and responsibilities- †¢Taking orders from the customers †¢Issuing token to customers for collecting their ordered dishes †¢Having an eye for detail – handing over the right dish to the right customer †¢Handling the billing procedure †¢Keeping a record of the monetary transactions †¢Serving foods and drinks from the counter †¢Forwarding the K. O. T – ‘Kitchen Order Ticket’ to the kitchen staff †¢Ensuring timely delivery of dishes †¢Providing excellent customer service

Politic Science Essays - Great Depression In The United States

Politic Science Thursday October 24 1929 is a Day that was later known as "Black Thursday". "Black Thursday" was the day a small crash occurred at the New York stock exchange. However "Black Thursday" Would turn out to be nothing compared to what awaited America and its economy on the following Tuesday. America was about to enter her darkest days the Great Depression. Sena Peterson my great grandmother was just an eighteen-year-old young lady living on her fathers corn farm in Iowa. Far away from New York and the economic problems on Wall Street. Nevertheless, the depression and the falling prices of her farms product would soon affect her in drastic ways the depression would be a hard time for Americans. Monday October 28, 1929. Was a very dark and gloomy day. Thousands of Black Birds landed on Wall Street. The thousand plus birds began to devour any thing they could find to eat. Nearly half of the birds never took flight again. Many of the birds died of exhaustion. This was an ominous sign of the dark and desperate times ahead. America was about to enter its lowest and darkest point in its short history. My great grandma lived on her farm in Iowa oblivious to the fact that her life would soon be changing in drastic ways. She had know idea of what was going on at Wall Street. She had no idea that she was going to have to move. Her family would soon have to start all over in a new place. Tuesday October 29, 1929. This dark day would soon be remembered as "Black Tuesday". The day Americas economy would crumble. The day some investors lost everything even there will to live and jumped out the windows of high rise buildings. Many people believe that the stock market crash was the cause of the depression but that is not entirely true. Although the two events where closely related. By Americans attitude during the 1920's also known as the jazz age. Americans emphasis on having the newest thing or being at the height of fashion was enough to keep the economy going for most of the 20's but that would no last. During the First World War my great grand mothers expanded to keep up with the demand the war created. To do this they got a loan from the bank to purchase the need supplies; machines and the land needed to expand. After the war ended the demand for corn drastically dropped. Consequently, the farm produced an excess product so the price dropped. My great grandfather now had problems paying the bill and making ends meat but he managed for a while. Nevertheless, the lack of money would soon take its toll. The problem with the way America was heading was that income was distributed very unevenly and the portion going to the rich got larger and larger as the 20's progressed. Corporations started to make bigger and bigger profits yet the profits were not passed on to the workers. In addition, in 1926, The Revenue act was passed and it cut taxes by 2/63 for those who made over 1 million dollars a year. Because of these trends in 1929, the top .1 percent of American families had a total income equal to the bottom 42 percent. That meant that the people who paid attention to the ads couldn't afford the new products they wanted. This is when credit was invented. People liked the idea that they didn't have to pay for the product but they still got to keep it and pay later. Credit only put of they day when consumers accumulated so much debt that they couldn't buy new products. My Great Great grandfather had tried his best to make ends meat but he couldn't make a profit. He could no longer pay back his loan to the bank so they foreclosed on his farm. My great grandmother's family now had no source of income and no where to live for them this was the lowest point of the depression and her life. However, this where about get a lot worse for the Peterson family. Because people could no longer afford to buy things there was an over supply and no demand, so prices began to fall like a rock. So they economy became weak because nobody was making money. This is when stocks began to crash and eventually the whole market crashed. Things began to look a lot worse for the Peterson's my great grandmother's father

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed 5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis When writing your thesis, the process of analyzing data and working with statistics can be pretty hard at first. This is true whether you’re using specialized data analysis software, like SPSS, or a more descriptive approach. But there are a few guidelines you can follow to make things simpler. 1. Choose the Best Analytical Method for Your Project The sheer variety of techniques available for data analysis can be confusing! If you are writing a thesis  on internet marketing, for instance, your approach to analysis will be very different to someone writing about biochemistry. As such it is important to adopt an approach appropriate to your research. 2. Double Check Your Methodology If you are working with quantitative data, it is important to make sure that your analytical techniques are compatible with the methods used to gather your data. Having a clear understanding of what you have done so far will ensure that you achieve accurate results. For instance, when performing statistical analysis, you may have to choose between parametric and non-parametric testing. If your data is sampled from a population with a broadly Gaussian (i.e., normal) distribution, you will almost always want to use some form of non-parametric testing. But if you can’t remember or aren’t sure how you selected your sample, you won’t necessarily know the best test to use! 3. Familiarize Yourself with Statistical Analysis and Analytical Software Thanks to various clever computer programs, you no longer have to be a math genius to conduct top-grade statistical analysis. Nevertheless, learning the basics will help you make informed choices when designing your research and prevent you from making basic mistakes. Likewise, trying out different software packages will allow you to pick the one best suited to your needs on your current project. 4. Present Your Data Clearly and Consistently This is possibly one of the most important parts of writing up your results. Even if your data and statistics are perfect, failure to present your analysis clearly will make it difficult for your reader to follow. Ask yourself how your analysis would look to someone unfamiliar with your project. If they would be able to understand your analysis, you’re on the right track! 5. Make It Relevant! Finally, remember that data analysis is about more than just presenting your data. You should also relate your analysis back to your research objectives, discussing its relevance and justifying your interpretations. This will ensure that your work is easy to follow and demonstrate your understanding of the methods used. So no matter what you are writing about, the analysis is a great time to show off how clever you are!

American Unjust Drug War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Unjust Drug War - Research Paper Example Such premises, as will be discussed below, are stronger than those which seek to justify the state’s tough anti-drug laws. II Thesis This paper asserts that America’s war against illegal drug use is unjust because it does not simply violates but violently repress the drug user’s inherent right to choose, putting the American society at greater risk. This argument strongly weakens the popular assertion of prohibitionists that illegal drug use poses extreme harm not only against users but the society as a whole, thus must be prohibited at all costs (Huemer 135). Moreover, this vividly illustrate that a law founded on distorted truth could create more rather than resolve problem, demonizing rather than humanizing society. Essentially so, the end could not justify the means; neither the means could justify the end. Democracy, which the American society proudly upholds, is founded on giving due respect to the inherent rights of every individual, as enshrined in the Bi ll of Rights of the Unites States Constitution. Violating any of these fundamental rights contradicts American principles on civil liberties, that could weaken the very foundation of this powerful nation. One of the rights inherent in every individual is no other than the right to choose, as this acknowledges the individual’s freedom to make personal decisions. This means, the body, self and life of the individual is his/hers alone. Whatever he/she would like to do about it is his/her sole right. Meaning, an individual has the fundamental right to choose and the freedom to decide whether or not he/she will use drugs, despite knowing the harm such choice may effect on him/her. As such, the government has no business over an individual’s decision on what to do with his/her body, self, and life. Therefore, America’s war against drug is unjust, because anti-drug laws do not simply deny but violently attack drug users of their personal autonomy, subsequently violatin g their other basic human rights such as the right to liberty and the right to life. This is not to say that criminalizing drug use unjustly tarnishes the user’s reputation, causing him/her to be socially isolated and depriving him/her of opportunities and decent life. Furthermore, since the right to choose is inherent in every individual, no one – not even the majority will and not even legislation – can take away this right from an individual; only the individual him/herself can surrender this right if he/she freely chooses to do so. Meaning, if the individual knowingly decides to subject him/herself to drug use regulation or prohibition, for example under medical care, then that is the only time that his/her drug use, specifically related only to the health problem being medicated, can become the business of the authority – in this case the medical health professional. But even under such circumstance, the failure of the individual to regulate or forbi d him/herself of drug use as medically prescribed does not make him/her a criminal. If the prohibition of drug use already violates the individual’s right to choose, criminalizing it is tantamount to state repression, further proving therefore, that America’