The Teacher as a Hero Essay Example for Free

The Teacher as a Hero EssayT here ar heroes and heroes, national and local. Some of them are born, otherwises are made. Many are still financial backing while many others flip long been gone. It is to the latter that monuments and museums were built to bind alive their memory in our hearts and mind. Public buildings, parks and plazas, streets and a few provinces have been named after them. Important dates and events are usually marked sanguine in the calendar to remind us of their birth or death anniversary. During the celebration of these events, program speakers take turns extolling to high heavens whatever good they had do for the country.Sad enough the hero who is apparently taken for granted and therefore unsung is the poor teacher. Not having a pedigreed name, she has no influence, no power. She is regarded as belonging to the marginalized sector of society. Tactless people look down on her with contempt saying, Shes only a teacher. After all, unlike OFWs, teachers do not contribute to the national economy. What many do not seem to realize is that a teacher is truly a hero in her own way. For a teacher is not only about her lesson plans, her teaching methods, strategies and techniques. A teacher is also about her personal character, her values and her attitude.And more importantly a teacher is also about her missionary work which entails a great deal of sacrifice on her part and her family. Indeed, the pro-bono services that she renders involve numerous risks to life and limb. We have heard of teachers who were kidnapped for ransom, forced into marriage under pain of bodily harm, physically abused and the unfortunate, even beheaded. I remember a male teacher who reprimanded a student for provoking trouble in class. That afternoon the huffy father with fire in his eyes sought the teacher in school and unmercifully hacked him to death.I had a relative who was summoned to the Comelec office in Manila and made to explain her inadvertence to affix her signature on a pair of alternative forms. The financially distressed teacher was forced to take a long-term loan which she used to pay for her transportation fare, board and lodging while in Manila. In the meantime her family had to be sparing and frugal in order to tide them over until such period that the loan was fully paid. While other government employees are off after five, the teacher spends long hours of work at home writing lesson plans, checking test papers or preparing visual support and similar teaching devices.Compared to those who work in the comfort of their office, thousands of our teachers go on long hours of journey to their far-flung stations over hill and dale, many generation in harsh weather condition. It is no wonder that many of these teachers become decrepit long before their age or they get pitifully ominous before retirement from the service. And yet their take-home pay is a mere pittance. Any increase in their starvation salary comes far apart and in trickles because this is dependent upon the members of Congress who remember the teachers only on election time.Come May of next year teachers will again be called upon to man the electoral ramparts of our democracy. They will be there to help safeguard the sanctity of the ballot, armed only with the nobility and integrity of their profession. Whatever people say to the contrary, the teacher as a hero is ready to lay down her life for the sake of country sans a loud flourish of trumpets. I salute our teachers as heroes, living or dead ANTONIO A. MORAN of Camalig, Albay is a retired general education supervisor of the Department of Education.

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

animation presents EssayAn energy drink is a drink which selects drugs that increases levels of nervous activity in the body, mainly caffeine, which is known for its mental or physical stimulation. Energy drinks may or may not be carbonated, and contain large amounts of caffeine and other stimulants drugs, and many also contain sugar, herbal extracts and amino acids. They are sub branches of the group of energy products, which includes bars and gels. Energy drinks comes in many brands, qualities, flavors and varieties. Positive Points1. Significant amount of improvement in mental and cognitive performances as well as increased alertness. 2. Its been suggested that the reversal of few components present in caffeine helps in leaving a good effect on mood and ones performance. 3. After many tests it is observe that in young healthy adults an energy drink significantly increased upper body muscle strength. 4. Energy drinks help in improve memory.5. Energy drinks improve circula tion of blood in your brain, ears and eyes. 6. Many energy drink companies use fruits and herbs that are healthy (for example berries they protect your body cells from oxidation). Negative pointsWith 30 to 50 percent of teens are taking energy drinks on daily basis, there are disadvantages of drinking these drinks, in particular in children and teenagers, because they cannot safely earn as untold caffeine as adults can. 1. Energy drinks are very high in sugar level, containing up to 35 grams of sugar per drink, which is above the recommended amount of sugars for women of 25 grams per solar day and very close to the recommended daily limit of 37.5 grams per men. Consuming a lot of added sugars increases your risk for obesity, because added sugars provide extra calories.2. The caffeine in energy drinks increases the speed with which the inebriant is absorbed by a body making it more likely a person will stay awake long enough to consume more alcohol than a body would otherwise be able to. 3. The risks can be lessened by sticking to the recommended limts, which are listed on any drink, and by controlling the consumption of energy drinks by drinking one drink in a day. Extra ingredients , like amino acids, taurine, guarana and ginseng, are added in such small amounts that they are not likely to give any beneficial health effects or cause any negative brass effects.Suggestion1. For many people, occasional drinks are fine, but try your best to limit yourself to about 500 milliliters a day. If youre consistently fatigued or rundown, however, inscribe a better and healthier way to boost your energy. Get good sleep, include yourself physical activity in your routine, and eat a healthy food. If these things dont help, meditate your doctor. Sometimes fatigue is a sign medical condition, such as hypothyroidism or anemia.2. There are energy drinks which are not recommended, If you have a heart disease or high blood pressure, consult your doctor if energy drinks ma y cause complications. Pregnant women and women who are breast-feeding may want to especially limit consumption of these beverages.3. With the growing popularity of energy drinks on daily basis, most of the parents are concerned about how much caffeine their kids are taking. The American academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents get no more than 100 milligrams of caffeine a day. Younger children shouldnt drink caffeinated beverages on a regular basis.

Issues faced in BHP billiton and infosys

Issues faced in BHP billiton and infosysBHP Billiton and Infosys, though both victorious in their own right, rent emerged from different industrial sectors, and hugely severalize geo semipolitical env atomic number 26ments.BHP Billiton is the worlds largest mining organisation, and was formed in 2001 by the merging of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company, and Billiton of the UK. The companys primary interests are in Iron ore, Manganese, Petroleum, Aluminium, ignorant Metals, Metallurgical Coal, Thermal Coal, Stainless(prenominal) Steel resources, and Diamonds/Speciality materials.BHP Billitons scale and diversity appear to have cushioned it from the worst ravages of the contemporary economic downturn, although, as get protrude be discussed, this has not necessarily helped all of its employees and stakeholders. Un have-to doe with by much(prenominal) vagaries, Chief Executive Officer Marius Kloppers has repennyly judged that Commercial market mechanism leave alone e nsure that developing nations raw material demand is met, that suppliers obtain sufficient investment to meet demand and that new deposits of raw materials are discovered. (Smith BHP chief 2009) However, as other reports concede, BHP expects the majority of this demand to come from developed, rather than developing economies. Despite the low metals inventories in developed economies, there is little evidence yet of sustainable demand for metals emerging post the northern hemisphere summer. (MacNamara 2009) 2009 has seen mining profits depressed by the fall in commodities prices however, BHP has confounded this trend by paying a final dividend which matched its interim payment, i.e. 41 cents. As MacNamara back breakers come in, BHP has been one of the more successful players in the sector, bigger and better able to handle difficult market conditions than rivals much(prenominal) as Anglo American and Xstrata, which have suspended their dividends until further notice. (2009) Uniquel y amongst British mining concerns, BHP has the advantage of a petroleum division, which is now its third around useful line of merchandise. (MacNamara glass 2009) During 2009, BHP also abandoned plans to create a joint marketing company with Rio Tinto, which was to sell up to 15 per cent of westboundern Australian iron ore production. (Smith BHP Rio 2009)Infosys is other company which has made comparatively good progress during the economic downturn, and claims to have emerged from it already. Infosys is Indias second largest software swear outs exporter, reporting a 17 per cent rise in first-quarter profits during 2009. Its UK lymph nodes include the UKs Waitrose supermarket chain and many leading international banks. Its business has now developed to the point where it is a viable rival to long established IT providers, such as IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and Accenture (Fontonella-Khan 2009). Along with other Indian-based outsourcers, such as Wipro, Genpact, and Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys has a macro-economic significance far beyond its own industrial sector, having helped tycoon the Indian economy to 9 per cent growth prior to the 2008-9 financial crisis. (Lamont 2009) London instruct of Economics analysts attribute this partly to the shape of English as an official language in India, making the industrys services highly scaleable in western markets, and constituting a competitive advantage over new entrants such as chinaware. As Ilan Oshri of the LSE Outsourcing Unit ob comes, India is not a powerhouse because it is cheap but because it is smart. Thats not the same with ChinaWe dont see Chinese vendors emerging to be powerhousesChina is much cheaper than India. But the game is not about cost, its about accessing talent.(Lamont 2009).Section 1 Similarities and Differences.Mitchell et al. identify three possible themes within stakeholder saliency power, legitimacy, and urgency. (1997 p.853) twain of the companies in question have extended sta keholder chains, but they are rather different in character. It is this contrast which has determined the behaviour of each altered in one case, unaltered in the other. Of the two, the company which has moved most swiftly to change and signal that change is Infosys, a series of events which whitethorn be construe according Mitchell et al.s saliency model. Infosys power is intrinsically linked to its legitimacy, and this in turn rests squarely on its relationship with important stakeholders. In the first instance, the companys fortunes are mutually beneficial with the Indian government in its role as an economic facilitator and arbiter of structured growth significant investor cooperation is contingent upon this relationship. If the emerging Indian economy wavers, the last mentioned leave alone worry about the skills base, infrastructure, and political stability which is necessary to grow Infosys shareholder value. Moreover, in a globalised economy, influence of investors upon customer attitudes cannot be underestimated. Infosys is an exemplar business to business operator, so its corporate office profile impacts directly on that of its corporate customers. For example, Waitrose of the UK, which markets itself as a profit-sharing, employee friendly, ethical retailer, could not maintain its own CSR status whilst in cooperation with a pariah multinational. Infosys, therefore, must avoid such status at all costs.Things are different for BHP Billiton, whose corporate responsibility effort, as bequeath be discussed, rests on engagement rather than action. The most striking recent fact pertaining to BHP Billitons social responsibility profile is its dismissal of six thousand employees and contractors in 2009 alone. (Smith axe 2009). However, for complex reasons, its stakeholder profile can accommodate such crises comparatively comfortably.Section 2 Responsible business approach, has it increased/decreased, and why?As it is the worlds trader extractive compan y, it is not surprising that the areas of contention surrounding BHP Billitons operations span the environment, ecosystem, clime change, human resources, community disruption, land rights, political lobbying, and financial malpractice, to name but a few. It is far beyond the scope of this discussion to engage meaningfully with the empirical circumstances of all of these issues and concerns. It may be argued however, that its strategy is one of maximum engagement, and nominal change, a dynamic whose provenance lays in the nature of its stakeholder networks.The important point here is that BHP Billitons is not a unique position. As Brewster reports, an ever higher counterbalance of blue-chip organisations are joining the ranks of those who publish systematic CSR reports. (2007). However, the only thing which this signals in absolute positivist terms is the go forthingness to open a dialogue with concerned stakeholder groups. At the same time, it can usefully reassure less conce rned stakeholders i.e., conventional or unethical investors that the corporate responsibility issue is being fielded in an acceptable way. This is not to say that such reports merely convey a facile dialogue of inaction however, as will be discussed, they do line and confine responsibility within certain manageable parameters.It may be argued that Infosys has adopted the same kind of logic in its corporate social responsibility effort its 2008-9 report states that We understand the implications our business has on the economy, environment and society. We also recognise that there is much to learn and engage with our stakeholders to improve our performance in all areas. (Infosys 2009) It goes on to remind the reader that its board members participate in advisory councils, governments and not-for profit organisations to formulatepolicies on topics such as corporate governance, healthcare, education, climate change, and other key sustainability areas. (Infosys 2009 p.9) The over-a rching message is clearly that Infosys is representing itself as a learning organisation, in the defined sense of that term. As Lane et al. point out, each organisation, whether formally constituted or otherwise possesses its own learning culture, subsumed within compatible norms and values, operational priorities, or dominant logics. (2001 p.1143).Of the two organisations however, Infosys has exhibited by far the greatest detail of change in its behaviour. Along with Tata Consulting Services and Wipro, are at the centre of a controversy concerning the importing of non-EU IT workers into the UK Infosys has itself brought in 3,030 of these employees. The transfer route is, as a consequence, being tightened by the UK Home Office, with the result that temporary workers will no longer have any rights of settlement in addition, employees will have to have been with a company for a minimum of one year, before transferring to the UK branch (Boxell 2009). However, as both companies as the government are aware, such transfers are neartimes the only means by which specific human resources shortages may be addressed as Phil Woolas, the immigration minister, concedes, .Intra-company transfers are an important part of making the UK an sweet place in which to do business, and therefore keep industry and the economy moving. (Boxell 2009). The point here is that Infosys extended stakeholder chain implies pressures which must be balanced out through this, and other, important structural issues. It cannot afford to be less competitive than its rivals in terms of corporate responsibility, or it will simply lose business. Conversely, BHP Billiton will not. Its stakeholder chain is wider, more diffuse, and far less responsibility-dependent in short, the world knows what kind of organization it is, and it grows no poorer.Section 3 Contrasting Viewpoints.There are versatile theoretical frameworks which might be employed to assess the relative corporate responsibility efforts of BHP Billiton and Infosys, despite their intrinsic differences. These range from the extreme Kantian ethical position, which argues that a corporation can have no duty other than to shareholder, or the virtue or Confucian ethical position, which argues that innately good practice will eventually ensure rewards. Two modified positions which might allow a more measured assessment are Tinged Shareholder theory, as posited by Moore and others, and utile ethics. As Moore has argued if tinged shareholder theory were to become a normative model , there would be a greater concentration on the ideal pillowcase virtues required of a good manager, and a good organisation. Consequently, a focus on the area of virtue ethics might prove central to the visualising of a corporate responsibility ideal (Moore 1999 p.126). Meanwhile utile ethics arguably provides a useful perspective because of its outcome-focused, bottom-line orientated assessment of events. As Fisher and Lovell point out, utilita rianism, combined with cost-benefit analysis, tends to focus on a good rather than the general good, and is therefore very valuable to organisations who wish to manage corporate responsibility, rather than be managed by it.Infosys has indicated a heightened awareness of its stakeholder responsibilities and potential vulnerability by hastily re-constructing its corporate governance image in the aftermath of recent problems. Principal amongst these has been the financial scandal at Satyam Computer Services, its main rival in the software outsourcing sector. As the Financial Times reports, B. Ramalinga Raju, the former chairman of Satyam who is now in patrol custody, undermined confidence in the sector when he confessed to manipulating the companys accounts last week, including by inventing a cash pile worth more than $1bn(Leahy reassures 13.1.2009). Acutely sensitized to the negative fall-out from this, Infosys chief operating officer S. Gopalakrishnan has reportedly judged that th e entire IT outsourcing sector needs heightened transparency, adding that he himself had been receiving increasing requests for fiduciary details from clients and investors. As he put it, The reason we need to take about confidence measures at this point is that some queries have come in from customers If you look at our disclosures, we have listed every single bank account and the heart of money we have in the bank so if investors are interested they can check and call the banks. (Leahy reassures 2009). The important point here is that Infosys is attempting to avoid a utilitarian, outcome-orientated model of stakeholder analysis, by adopting a position informed by virtue ethics. It has not been accused of any wrong-doing yet and is attempting to avoid that contingency by exhibiting guilelessly good behaviour. It has sound business reasons for doing so as western companies reconstruct themselves following the recent economic downturn, they are downsizing by outsourcing, and Inf osys is well displace to capture such business, if it is untainted by corporate responsibility problems. As Chief Executive Officer, S. Gopalakrishnan explains, You want to be cautious because its not completely out of the woods but we clearly see some growth (Leahy 2009) Like that of many similar Indian companies, the stability and expansion of Infosys is contingent upon the expansion of outsourcing from client companies in the developed world. Infosys itself added a further 35 companies to its client portfolio in the second quarter of 2009. These combined factors have resulted in the addition of 1,548 new employees in the same period, bringing the total on its books to 105,500.As well as reassuring its direct stakeholders, Infosys has also proved itself attentive to the needs of the wider social and political constituency. One example of this lays in the denouement of the Tata Nano car plant dispute, in which protesters alleged that the rights of farmers had been usurped in order to facilitate the development in West Bengal. score by Indias principal opposition party the Trinamool Congress, the movement physically besieged the Singur site, drawing down foreign media attention and threatening to dampen foreign investment. chief executive officer S Gopalakrishnan was initially impressed with the efforts of the state government in attracting such investments however, he now concedes that .Singur has created fear in the minds of India Inc and like all other companies we are watching the developments very closely We will rethink and re-examine our proposed investment if need be.. The bottom line is that Infosys may not proceed with its own West Bengal development plans if the situation is not resolved (Leahy nervous 2009).BHP Billitons needs in terms of communication and responsibility are quite different, and it has arguably opted for a utilitarian, relativist commentary of good. This approach allows it relative freedom to pursue its vast portfolio of extrac tive activities in way which might be more difficult if it took a more obstructive stance. In its detailed deposition on BHP Billiton, the Ecumenical Council for Corporate Responsibility reported that it felt, in general, with a few exceptions outlined below, the company has developed a relatively advanced set of policies, which give consideration to many of the issues that our partners have raised in the Bench Marks document. (ECCR 2004 p.7) Moreover, an important part of its dialogue with ethical regulators such as the ECCR lays not in the discussion of specific or practical acts of corporate responsibility, but the demonstration of stakeholder awareness in the abstract. As it explains, The company provides regular reports to all stakeholders that are independently verified on a plan detailing how the company and the suppliers have shared responsibility for compliance and adopts a transparent policy and reports publicly to all stakeholders on its compliance programme, the findings , and what changes have been made at the factory level. (ECCR 2004 p.63). This is central to BHPs entire CSR strategy monitoring bodies are left-hand(a) facing a multi-headed hydra of good, bad, or indifferent practice across the companys vast array of activities and geographical reach. As one area of neglect arises, another is dealt with, a process through which the dialogue of engagement and improvement is maintained. The other constant is shareholder value as the regulators succeed in limiting less equitable practices in one area, less ethical investors may take comfort from the fact that more profitable centres elsewhere retain their potential for dividends. As Moore points out, it is a common feature of theories of the firm that they regard the firm as a nexus of contracts. Thetheories differ as to the extent of these relationships, with shareholder theory constrictive this to legal and implied contracts, while stakeholder theory takes a broader definition to include social/m oral as well as legal and implied contracts. (Moore 1999 p.122) The point here is that the utilitarian approach adopted by BHP Billiton has, for the time being, balanced these two forces.ConclusionA common theme in the fortunes of these two different companies lays in their successful emergence from a difficult economic period. BHP has recently asserted that there are signs of stabilization in the developed economies, with positive signs of improvement in industrial production. (MacNamara 2009) Moreover, BHP will soon be free to refresh its takeover bid for Rio Tinto, under the terms of the UK takeover code. (Smith BHP and Rio 2009) BHP also told shareholders that market conditions had improved since it held its annual concussion in London. The velocity of the recoveryhas indeed been surprising CEO Kloppers said, whilst cautioning that BHP was expected to emerge from the downturn less strongly than in previous cycles. (Smith 2009). This may be interpreted as a restraining hand upon corporate responsibility things are OK, but dont interfere. Meanwhile, Infosys has also benefited from its more public, virtue-driven responsibility stance. Research by the London School of Economics indicates that western executives in western companies opted for outsourcing on quality of service more than price. It also pointed out that Egypt, Hungary and Romania were most likely to join the shared service centre sector as key players in the near future (Lamont 2009). Infosys has of course already laid the foundations for such diversification, stating that As we grow further, we have to practice sure our workforce reflects the regions from where we derive revenue to whatever extent possible (Leahy 2006).In conclusion, it seems reasonable to argue that corporate responsibility and stakeholder concerns are at their most harmonious -for better or worse when the hegemony of liberal economics prevails. As Collier points out, In the modern world of globalisation there are some fabulo us ladders most societies are using them. But there are also some chutes (2007 p.5) If classical economics is afforded hegemony, then any expectation which does not implicitly recognise that snakes can swiftly become ladders -and vice versa - is inherently flawed. The collection of papers on globalisation edited by Timmons Roberts and Bellone incorporates commentary by some rather older commentators, who observed that, the bourgeosie cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society. (Timmons Roberts and Bellone, 2007 p.27) As unfashionable as they may be, Marx and Engels may have distilled an essential truth here, regardless of the fact that they did so through observation of an earlier period of structural economic change. The unavoidable function of companies, including Infosys and BHP Billiton, is to serve shareholder value. When they cease to do so, they will also cede their position to other who will.

The effects of human population growth on animals

The effects of human population growth on animalsThe creative activity population is growing quick from 750 million in 1750 to 6,500 million in 2005. Respond to this evidence, sight of course enlarge their land for housing, food, and the need of resources such as oil, wood, and metal. Day by day, people damage the environment which contains a lot of living life, especially, wild animals. This caused legion(predicate) groups of animals to decline and even extinct. Perhaps to redeem this hideous mistake, people built more assigns, which are called zoos, to keep and protect wild animals. Zoos are probably the most complex categorys of animal keeping in the world. Many animals from many areas over the world are kept together in a dispirited region. People may think that zoos are good place for keeping wild animal, tho in fact, it is not, and it also is unethical to take in wild animals and put them into the zoo. almost wild animals are living in dense forest, mountains, or woo ds, where people do not easy access. Their lives are genuinely isolated with the modern humans life. They scared of people, guns, and the noise of metal of our developed industry. The more people open their land, the spare wild animal lose their territories, and so must move away. There is no such wild animal who dare to live near people. It seems very rare when people see a wild animal coming near their land. As Ursula K. Le Guin shows in Mays Lion, there were plenty of deer in the Valley in the forties, but no mountain lion had been seen for decades anywhere near where people lived. And if any, it should have the reason. In fact, Mays lion is too old and sick.Most animals are very social by nature such as monkeys, wolves, elephants, tigers, etc. It has been shown that animals used to live in the same places in which they could easy persona the food. They love their life as well as their freedom. They just want to live in peace among their family and friends. It is cruel to remo ve them away from their family, friends. In The Antlers, Suzie indicates that cows are a handle(p) city people, cattle expect even deserve, what theyve got coming. hardly wild animals are different. Wild animals enjoy life. They live in the woods on purpose. Clearly, wild animals are different from cattle. They need to be free and live in the woods where considered as their country. Animals are not pull up stakesing to leave their place to come to a new place such as a zoo.Zoos are the place where living animals are exhibited in captivity. The most traditional form of maintaining wild animals in captivity is keeping them in cages constructed of concrete or metal, in aviaries, or fenced paddocks. Living in those places, animals do not behave like their wild counterparts. For example, a lion is given food in the mean time whereas they have to lie still and wait for prey and hunt for hours in their Africa home. Similarly, the Wolves, Leopards, Tigers, Elephants, etc are often confi ned in cages where they lack exercise and stimulation. Those animals will lose their hunting skills and soon become pets such as dogs or cats. In Rainer Maria Rilke poem, The Panther, he feels for the wild animal in this situation As he paces in cramped circle, over and over/ the movement of his powerful sonant strides is/ like a ritual dance around a center/ in which a mighty will stands paralyzed.Zoos are just another formulate of animal prison. It provides plenty of cages which are constructed by concrete and steel. It limits the movement as well as the freedom of wild animals. When an animal is sent to the zoo, more likely, it will spend the rest of its life in cage. The animal has no choice but to be in the zoo and it held there. Zoos steal the freedom and provide unique life to wild animals. Many animals develop unnatural habits such as pacing back and forth or swaying from side to side in their cages. polar bears, for example, are given about 30 feet of walking space, whe reas in their Arctic home they could roam freely for hundreds of miles.The zoo is an unnatural environment that exposes animals to numerous dangers. Animals which would naturally live in very different parts of the world are brought together in the natural habitat of humans. Diseases often spread between species that would neer live together naturally. Furthermore, zoo animals are often exposed to chemicals, solvents and other toxic substances. That is not natural for wild animals.Most zoos have commercial and enjoyment purpose in mind as well as financial profit. Animal from many areas of the world are brought together and put on unwrap for the benefit of humans enjoyment. It is very common for visitors to tease and provoke caged animals.Supporters of zoos argue that they help to conserve endangered species, but in fact they are not very good at this. Breeding programmers provide zoos with good publicity, but in fact most of them are failures. The world famous panda lift progra m was a big example for this. This program is very costly but it is unsuccessful. Also zoo life does not prepare animals for the challenges of life in the wild. Many animals were died after they came back to the wild. For example, two rare lynxes released into the wild in Colorado died from starvation even though the area was full of hares, which are a lynxs natural prey.The best zoos argue that education is one of their most important features. That is using the zoo to teach people to respect the natural world, to show them what evict be learned from the lives of the animals in captivity and to appreciate what conservation means. One of the major problems they face, however, is that the animals on display are both individuals and representatives of their species. So is not true to say that zoos are educational or that they help to protect endangered species. In reality, they only teach us how wild animals behave when they confined in small spaces.Today, many modern zoos do not en close animals in small cages but they are provided with habitats, modeled after their nature habitats. The aim for many zoos is to exhibit their animals in enclosures in which the setting is as natural as possible or at least looks as natural as possible. But it seems that they cannot easily move away from the image of being places of entertainment which is more closely to the circus and amusement park than to museums and education.Wild animals are not like cattle, they dont want to live near people, and especially, in zoos. It is cruel to remove wild animals away from their place. Furthermore, zoos are unsuitable environment for wild animals. It keeps animal in small area compare to the vast natural habitat, and also, zoo exposed too many diseases and dangers to wild animal. In the wild, animals live their lives for their own benefit but in the zoo, they have to live their lives for the benefit of human. And since zoos are less successful in breeding programs and far from education purpose, zoos must be abolished. People should stop capture wild animals and put them into zoos.

The Other And The Intersubjective

The opposite And The Inter infixedIn the following write up, my attempt is to explicate the understanding of the former(a) and intersubjectivity vis--vis the way people act with each some other. It appears that there are two ways of interactions the subject-object interaction and the subject-subject interaction. The subject-object interaction can perhaps be understood through the method of the positivist, the scientist, the behaviorist, and those of the ilk who carve up the universe into the material and the non-material and declare the material to be real. They then create an objective universe of method and thought. The subject-subject interactions can be understood on the differences between the inter-subjective (between two subjects) and the intersubjective (within two subjects thereby avowing continuity), the former is available in the thought and writings of Hegel, Husserl, Levinas and Lacan and the latter through the thought and writings of Buber. Questions that arose in t he mind of the investigator from this categorization have become the groundwork for exploration in the direction of organiseing a research proposal. The understanding of I, Other and the ensuing implications for the method of chat in education may become the thrust for this study. What follows is an articulation of the possibilities for developing a research proposalIn todays techno-mechanistic world our object-centered understanding dominates our interaction with not only inanimate things tho also in our approach towards beings or so us. The interaction with beings is replaced by the inferences based on the outward manifestation of behavior. The world, then, is an object, and by looking at at things, empirically, one can understand the truth. This is the approach of the positivist paradigm, in which the content of kat onceledge consists of objective truths or facts and the knower can gather these facts as information. The knower then becomes a recipient of information who has to process it to assimilate into the preexisting categories or to make new ones for reproducing that information as and when required. The universe of educational studies is largely dominated by an understanding of the processes and purposes based on the discipline of psychology and the positivist paradigm is the basis of most of the personality theories in Psychology. Nevertheless, psychology has expanded itself with the understanding of philosophies like existentialism and phenomenology to fill this gap. This movement is the response to the cry against the objectivity of science and the psychological theories based on the scientific model.As we move from the subject-object interaction towards the subject-subject interaction, we realize that the self itself requires the other to define itself. This other is not an object though it may be an inanimate thing. Then everything around one becomes a walking mirror for one to see the image of oneself in all and all in oneself. The inter actions, then, are not with persons but with intercommunicate images of ones own self, sometimes even to the extent of denying the others existence. With these images, one identifies and because of these identifications, one emotes. Because of this identification on believes that he can understand the other, empathize and make predictions about his behavior. Other people are part of ones totality in ones sameness and this primary way of being-in-the-world with others seems to be quite egocentric. It is to say that we are always being-in-a-situation, where our being as selves is inseparable from a shared, meaningful life-world.This inter-subjective of the subject-subject is the focus in the phenomenological inquiry. This intersubjectivity refers to the contents, not the context, of consciousness and addresses the psychological domain rather than philosophical issues and this intersubjectivity is preceded by the subjectivity of the participants. The intersubjectivity refers to the co ming in concert of already existing and experiencing subjects, where they have separate consciousnesses being shaped interdependently by their interaction. This incorporates in itself the notions of self as ego, which is there to experience the world.Nevertheless, Husserls idea of the other seems to be quite close to the above elaboration, The other then is a phenomenological modification of myself, for Husserl, grasped only within my ownness. This grasping is on the basis of something like analogy. Just as a primary givenness is experienced in perception, memory affords a kind of secondary givenness (Moran, 2000. p.177).Hegel claims that, such subject-object identity, such self-consciousness, exists perfectly only in love (Beiser, 1949.p.113) in which the subject and object, self and other, realize their natures through one another, they recognize itself only through the other. This is possible because, there is a single structure of self-consciousness safekeeping between self and other the self knows itself in the other as the other knows itself in the self (ibid.).Levinas, however, uses two different paroles for speaking of the other the non-personal other in general and the other person, as the Other. Levinas claims that the self-other relation is not reciprocal, but rather that there is a priority of the other over the self. This is what he calls the asymmetry of the relation between self and other. The Other means for Levinas that which cannot be objectified, the sphere of subjectivity, although not understood in the spirit of mastery, but rather as founded on openness to the other (Moran, 2000. p.342). Levinas pays special emphasis on the understanding of the other for the understanding of ethics. For Levinas, ethics is never an egocentric mode of behaving, nor the construction of theories, but involves the effort to constrain ones freedom and spontaneity in order to be open to the other person, or more precisely to allow oneself to be bound by the o ther (Ibid. p.321).Lacan uses a similar classification in which the other is, the other who is not really other, but a reflection and projection of the ego (Evans, 2006. p.135) and the Other designates, the radical alterity, an other-ness which transcends the illusory otherness of the imaginary because it cannot be assimilated through identification (ibid. p.136). Lacan explains that the child, during the mirror stage, acquires the sense of self at the price of his self go an-other that is distinct from him and visible in the reflection of the mirror.However, the inherent continuity in the relation of the I and the other in intersubjectivity as opposed to the distinction of the I and the other emerges through Bubers writings. This intersubjectivity is different from the Inter-subjectivity that refers to how the consciousness of participating subjects is in interaction during an experience.The understanding of intersubjectivity that Buber explicates here is that the intersubjectivi ty is from the whole being of an individual and this is its most radical meaning. Therefore, intersubjectivity now can be conceptualized as a process of co-creativity, where relationship is ontologically primary. The being of any one subject is dependent on the being of all other subjects in the relationship. Here, intersubjectivity precedes subjectivity. Further Buber (1958, p.1) wrote, There is no I taken in itself, but only the I of the primary word I-Thou and the I of the primary word I-It. Here, the I-It refers to the subject-object and the inter-subjective of the subject-subject ways of interaction. The I-It is the primary word of experiencing and using of the positivist paradigm in which the I is distant from the object. It takes place within a man it is entirely subjective and lacking in mutuality whether in knowing, feeling, or acting, it is the subject-object relation. Whereas in I-Thou, the inter in intersubjectivity refers to an interpenetrating subjectivity which is hol istically mutual. The I-Thou is not limited to men but may accept the whole world.Thus in the silent or spoken dialogue between the I and the Thou both personality and knowledge come into being. contrasted the subject-object knowledge of the I-It relation, the knowing of the I-Thou relation takes place neither in the subjective nor the objective, the emotional nor the rational, but in the between -the reciprocal relationship of whole and supple beings (Friedman, p.60).The questions, then which the researcher is left with, after this very preliminary and tentative probe are around the three areas probed so far and may melt to other areas like the Self in relation to the above and to implications of the Consciousness or Self, I, inter-subjective and the Other. Some of the questions my be articulated as under How has the movement in the understanding from the subject-object interaction of the positivist paradigm to the subject-subject interaction of phenomenology helped us in our u nderstanding of the other?What is the relation between the self and the other?Does the phenomenological entails the merging of the I in the other or does it endanger the other by consumption and annihilation?How does the understanding of the I, the other, inter-subjective and intersubjectivity impact on pedagogy?How does our understanding of Dialogue develop with our understanding of the I, the other and the intersubjectivity?Does our understanding of the I, the other, inter-subjective and Intersubjectivity affects our understanding of the Values, Selfhood and Consciousness?Will a study of the I, the Other, inter-subjective and the Intersubjectivity lead us to the probe the normalize, i.e. in the realm of ethics and axiology, when contextualized in education,

Symbols and Symbolism in A Clean Well-Lighted Place, By Hemingway Essay

Symbolism in A Clean lit Place Symbolism, may be delineate as a non-superficial representation of an idea or belief that goes beyond what is seen. Earnest Hemingways A Clean lighted Place subroutines symbolism to help beam the theme of Nihilism, the philosophy that there is nothing heavenly to believe in. It discusses that there is no supernatural reason or explanation of how the world is today. Three symbols the pass, the caf, and the shadows of the leaves, name in Hemingways short story clearly displays this Nihilistic theme. The first clear display of Nihilism by the use of symbols is the brief passage description of the soldier passing the caf with the prostitute. This imagery symbolizes that love and romance has been degraded to a level of anonymous sex. Nihilism ties into this fact that since there is no longer any reach of pure love, why should a person believe in it? Hemingway uses an excellent form of symbolism to help consume this thought in referring that the street tripping shone on the brass number of the soldiers collar... Symbols and Symbolism in A Clean Well-Lighted Place, By Hemingway EssaySymbolism in A Clean Well-Lighted Place Symbolism, may be defined as a non-superficial representation of an idea or belief that goes beyond what is seen. Earnest Hemingways A Clean Well-Lighted Place uses symbolism to help convey the theme of Nihilism, the philosophy that there is nothing heavenly to believe in. It discusses that there is no supernatural reason or explanation of how the world is today. Three symbols the soldier, the caf, and the shadows of the leaves, found in Hemingways short story clearly displays this Nihilistic theme. The first clear display of Nihilism by the use of symbols is the brief passage description of the soldier passing the caf with the prostitute. This imagery symbolizes that love and romance has been degraded to a level of anonymous sex. Nihilism ties into this fact that since there is no lon ger any form of pure love, why should a person believe in it? Hemingway uses an excellent form of symbolism to help convey this thought in referring that the street light shone on the brass number of the soldiers collar...

Should Adopted Children Be Allowed To Locate Their Biological Parents? :: essays research papers

Should Adopted Children Be Allowed To Locate Their Biological Parents?A touchy topic these days is whether or not the option should be openfor espouse children to be able to locate their biological parents. There aresome many circumstances for each different case that it is hard to know where incisively I stand on this topic. Over all, I do not think that you should locateyour biological parents.There are many earths for this. For one thing, learnedness information onthe person who gave you up is a long drawn out process. It can be veryemotionally painful, as well. For whatever reason you were given up foradoption death, financial problems, to young, etc its private information andshould remain that way. The decision was made a long time ago because it was the exceed one at that time.Think about the birth parents involved. What happens after you spend afew months or more of your life trying to locate these tribe only to have adoor shut in your face? How would you feel if that we re to happen? The chancesof this happening are pretty good. Yes, there are blessed reunions on talk showsthat turn out for the better, but that is not always the reality. These peoplegave up their birth rights many years ago and should not go back on that. Theyhave moved on with their lives and might not want to be reminded what could havebeen. So many hurt feelings and feelings of guilt could fix flying back andthen put more of a burden on both of your lives.There is another factor to think about in this situation. How is yourfamily suppose to react to this and how are they supposed to feel? This is theloving family that took you in as there own for all these years, are they